Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41846919›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026

Protective antigens hidden in the bovine Clostridium vaccine.

He Qin, Jiahui Xie, Qiuyan Deng, Jingjing Ren, Lihe Su, Weiye Zuo, Yue Lv, Haojie Dong, Zhaoquan Liu, Xun Ma and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

He QinLaboratory of Animal Immunology Engineering, Department of Animal Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
Jiahui XieLaboratory of Animal Immunology Engineering, Department of Animal Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
Qiuyan DengLaboratory of Animal Immunology Engineering, Department of Animal Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
Jingjing RenLaboratory of Animal Immunology Engineering, Department of Animal Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
Lihe SuLaboratory of Forage Production and Utilization, Department of Animal Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
Weiye ZuoLaboratory of Animal Immunology Engineering, Department of Animal Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
Yue LvLaboratory of Animal Immunology Engineering, Department of Animal Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
Haojie DongLaboratory of Animal Immunology Engineering, Department of Animal Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
Zhaoquan LiuLaboratory of Animal Immunology Engineering, Department of Animal Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
Xun MaLaboratory of Animal Immunology Engineering, Department of Animal Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
Song JiangLaboratory of Animal Immunology Engineering, Department of Animal Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
Jianjun JiangLaboratory of Animal Immunology Engineering, Department of Animal Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
Pengyan WangLaboratory of Animal Immunology Engineering, Department of Animal Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Methods: Antigenic epitope analysis, prokaryotic expression, and purification of the Results: Three proteins with high immunogenicity scores (the classic toxin protein Plc and non-toxin proteins ESBP and YnjE) were successfully expressed and purified. ELISA of mouse sera showed significantly elevated levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ, indicating the induction of a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response. Indirect ELISA confirmed that all three proteins elicited high IgG titers, with the non-toxin ESBP and YnjE inducing higher titers. Their protective efficacy-based on survival rate and body weight recovery-was superior to Vac3, comparable to Vac2, and lower than Vac1. Notably, sera from mice immunized with the three commercial vaccines exhibited low antibody titers against ESBP and YnjE, suggesting that the immunological potential of these two key non-toxin protective antigens is not fully exploited in current vaccines. Conclusion: ESBP and YnjE exhibited favorable immunogenicity and immune protection in a mouse model. These findings, derived from the mouse model, highlight the great potential of ESBP and YnjE as key candidate antigens for the development of novel vaccines, and provide important experimental evidence for the antigen design and optimization of

Indexed as

Antigens, BacterialBacterial VaccinesCattle DiseasesClostridium InfectionsClostridium perfringensAnimalsAntibodies, BacterialBacterial ProteinsBacterial ToxinsCattleCytokinesFemaleMiceMice, Inbred BALB CProtein Subunit VaccinesVaccinationAntibodies, BacterialAntigens, BacterialBacterial ProteinsBacterial ToxinsBacterial VaccinesCytokinesProtein Subunit VaccinesClostridium perfringensimmune efficacyprokaryotic expressionprotective antigenvaccine

Identifiers

PMID41846919
PMCPMC12989499

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.