Retrospective Evaluation of Incidence, Prevalence, and Patterns of Maxillofacial Trauma: An Original Research.

Background: Maxillofacial trauma is a significant public health concern, leading to functional and esthetic impairments. Understanding the incidence, prevalence, and fracture patterns is crucial for developing preventive and management strategies. Objective: This study aims to retrospectively evaluate the incidence, prevalence, and patterns of maxillofacial trauma at a tertiary care hospital over 5 years. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 500 patient records from January 2018 to December 2022 was conducted. Data on demographics, etiology, and fracture patterns were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, and results were presented as frequencies and percentages. Results: Males (70%) were more commonly affected, with the 21-30 years age group (30%) having the highest incidence. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) (52%) were the primary cause, followed by interpersonal violence (18%) and falls (16%). Mandibular fractures (36%) were most frequent, followed by zygomatic (22%) and maxillary fractures (16%). Conclusion: RTAs remain the leading cause of maxillofacial trauma, with young adult males being most affected. Preventive strategies, including road safety enforcement, public awareness programs, and multidisciplinary trauma management, are essential to reducing trauma incidence and improving patient outcomes.