ArticleERJ open research2026
Long-term cardiovascular risk after severe exacerbation of COPD: a population-based cohort study.
Article in ERJ open research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Beyond the Lungs: A Narrative Review of Cardiopulmonary Risk Reduction and Management Perspectives in Thai COPD Patients.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Exacerbation of COPD (ECOPD) has been linked to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk within the first year, yet longer term risk is unclear. We aimed to investigate the short-term and long-term CVD risks after severe ECOPD. Methods: Patients with self-reported or spirometry-detected COPD at baseline and patients with newly documented COPD during follow-up were included from the China Kadoorie Biobank. Multiple data sources were used to collect information on ECOPD hospitalisation and CVD incidence during follow-up. Time-dependent Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for each risk period following ECOPD compared to the baseline period. Results: Of the 46 514 patients included, 48.2% had screen-detected COPD, 26.2% had self-reported COPD and 25.6% had newly documented COPD. During a median 11-year follow-up, 1185 acute myocardial infarction, 5778 other ischaemic heart disease, 1078 heart failure, 2390 pulmonary heart disease, 4989 ischaemic stroke and 1648 intracerebral haemorrhage cases occurred. Post-ECOPD risks of all outcomes were prominently elevated, with first-week hazard ratios (95% CI) of 8.60 (5.40-13.70), 6.68 (5.16-8.65), 10.98 (6.74-17.89), 24.76 (19.40-31.60), 3.11 (2.16-4.48) and 2.40 (1.27-4.54), respectively. The risks diminished thereafter but could persist for 6 years or longer. All three categories of patients with COPD faced increased risks of most outcomes, with patients with COPD at baseline bearing higher post-ECOPD risks of other ischaemic heart disease and pulmonary heart disease. Conclusion: CVD risks increased considerably after ECOPD, with risks of cardiac diseases and ischaemic stroke increased for 6 years or longer. Patients with screen-detected COPD had a similar burden of ECOPD and subsequent CVD to patients with doctor-diagnosed COPD.
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Registered trials
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