ArticleCureus2026
Effect of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Health Care Settings in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Saudi Arabia has one of the highest global prevalences of diabetes mellitus (39.5%), with cardiovascular disease (CVD) representing the leading cause of mortality among patients with diabetes. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors (e.g., dapagliflozin) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs; e.g., semaglutide) have demonstrated cardiorenal benefits; however, their effect on 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in Saudi populations remains underexplored. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 196 adults aged 40 to 79 years with type 2 diabetes who were prescribed dapagliflozin or semaglutide at King Saud Bin Abdulaziz Medical City between March 2021 and March 2022. Patients with type 1 diabetes, established CVD, or chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m²) were excluded. Data on demographic characteristics, metabolic parameters (HbA1c, lipid profile, estimated glomerular filtration rate), and cardiovascular events were collected at baseline and at six, nine, and 12 months. Statistical analyses were performed using paired t-tests and McNemar's test and IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 28 (Released 2021; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results The mean age of the studied population was 57.4±11.3 years, and 70.9% were female participants. Significant improvements were observed in HbA1c levels (from 8.9±1.1% to 7.4±0.8%; P<0.001) and systolic blood pressure (from 137±17 to 131±17 mmHg; P=0.004). Estimated glomerular filtration rate showed a modest increase (from 91±18 to 92±18 mL/min/1.73 m²; P<0.001), while albuminuria remained unchanged. Rates of cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke, did not differ significantly during follow-up (P>0.05). Conclusions Treatment with dapagliflozin and semaglutide was associated with significant improvements in glycemic control and systolic blood pressure but was not associated with a reduction in short-term cardiovascular events in this high-risk cohort. Long-term studies are warranted to assess the impact of these agents on ASCVD risk reduction in this population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.