Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41846229›Full record

ReviewTrends in parasitology2026

Polypharmacology in malaria treatment: single drugs, multiple mechanisms, greater impact.

Mira Milić, Prisca Obi, Christopher D Vanderwal, Choukri Ben Mamoun, Karine G Le Roch

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Trends in parasitology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Mira MilićDepartment of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Prisca ObiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Christopher D VanderwalDepartment of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA. Electronic address: cdv@uci.edu.
Choukri Ben MamounDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Electronic address: choukri.benmamoun@yale.edu.
Karine G Le RochDepartment of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA. Electronic address: karine.leroch@ucr.edu.

Funding

Fosinopril analogs for the treatment of human babesiosisR01AI153100 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI BEN MAMOUN, CHOUKRI · 2021 to 2025
$3.6M
Hit-to-Lead Development of the Kalihinol Scaffold for Malaria TreatmentR01AI138139 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI BEN MAMOUN, CHOUKRI, LE ROCH, KARINE GAELLE · 2018 to 2022
$3.6M
Development of endochin-like quinolones for babesiosis therapyR01AI123321 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI BEN MAMOUN, CHOUKRI · 2017 to 2020
$2.7M
Antigen Discovery and Vaccine Development for Human Babesia ParasitesR01AI152220 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI BEN MAMOUN, CHOUKRI · 2020 to 2024
$2.1M
An antigen-detection assay to diagnose Babesia microti infectionR44AI136118 · NIAID · L2 DIAGNOSTICS, LLC · PI LEDIZET, MICHEL · 2020 to 2022
$2.1M
Parasite-Derived Vesicles in Babesia virulence and Vaccine DevelopmentR56AI177660 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI BEN MAMOUN, CHOUKRI, KASHANCHI, FATAH · 2024 to 2024
$874k
An antigen-detection assay to diagnose Babesia microti infectionR43AI136118 · NIAID · L2 DIAGNOSTICS, LLC · PI LEDIZET, MICHEL · 2018 to 2018
$300k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI123321NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI138139NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI152220NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI153100NIAID NIH HHS R43 AI136118NIAID NIH HHS R44 AI136118NIAID NIH HHS R56 AI177660
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Malaria remains a global health crisis, exacerbated by the rise of drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium species to clinically used drugs, as well as newly developed therapeutic agents. Historically, natural-product-derived drugs such as quinine and artemisinin have been the cornerstones of malaria treatment, distinguished by their ability to attack the parasite on multiple fronts simultaneously. This review explores the paradigm of single drugs with multiple targets, a polypharmacology strategy designed to achieve combination-therapylike efficacy within a single compound. We discuss how natural products leverage multitarget mechanisms of action, reducing the likelihood of resistance, and the opportunities and challenges in developing next-generation antimalarials. Understanding and harnessing polypharmacology in antimalarial drug design could prolong therapeutic durability and reinvigorate our arsenal against malaria.

Indexed as

AntimalarialsMalariaPolypharmacologyAnimalsDrug DiscoveryDrug ResistanceHumansPlasmodiumAntimalarialsdrug discoverymalariaMED6-189natural productsomicssystems biology

Identifiers

PMID41846229
PMCPMC13404279

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.