ArticlePoultry science2026
Research note: Stage-associated differences in hygiene indicator bacteria from pre-chlorinated water immersion chilling (CWIC) carcasses through CWIC to packaged quail products.
Article in Poultry science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Commercial processing of quails has been less studied than broiler processing, despite the food safety relevance of hygienic control in poultry slaughter operations. This study characterized hygiene indicator bacteria in quail carcasses pre- and post-chlorinated water immersion chilling (CWIC), in finished packaged products, and in selected processing-environment matrices across three independent trials in a commercial facility. In each trial, whole-carcass rinse samples were collected from pre-CWIC (n = 5) and post-CWIC (n = 5) carcasses, with technical triplicate plating for each carcass. The finished packaged products (n = 15 per trial) and environmental samples (gloves, precooling chamber floor, aspiration inlet opening, wash water, and CWIC water) were also evaluated. Aerobic plate counts (APC), coliforms, and Escherichia coli were enumerated and expressed as log colony forming units (CFU)/mL. Qualitative screening for Salmonella was performed using enrichment. Across trials, CWIC reduced APC; however, the magnitude varied (Trial 1: 2.75-2.28 log CFU/mL; Trial 2: 4.60-2.35 log CFU/mL; and Trial 3: 3.21-3.08 log CFU/mL). Coliforms and E. coli were not detected in Trial 1 carcass-stage samples. Trial 2 showed decreased coliforms post-CWIC, with E. coli not detected in the post-CWIC group. Trial 3 showed detectable coliforms and E. coli both pre- and post-CWIC. In all trials, packaged finished products exhibited higher indicator levels than post-CWIC carcasses, including higher APC (4.05-4.88 log CFU/mL across trials). Gloves consistently showed the highest indicator counts among the environmental matrices, whereas wash water and CWIC water were negative in Trial 1 but showed detectable APC in Trials 2 and 3, indicating variability in process hygiene. Salmonella was not detected in any of the carcass stages, packaged products, or environmental samples tested. Overall, the data identified post-wash handling points and water/disinfectant management as practical targets for verification to improve hygiene consistency during commercial quail processing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.