ArticleBiology direct2026
Incomplete radiofrequency ablation may elicit pro-oncogenic effects in thyroid cancer cells in a xenograft mouse model.
Article in Biology direct, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a safe and effective treatment for benign thyroid nodules and is also considered an alternative option for low-risk papillary cancers. Evaluating the completeness of RFA through ultrasound and cytology can be challenging, highlighting the need to investigate the thermal effects on any residual viable cancer cells. Our objective was to examine the adaptive responses of thyroid cancer cells that survive transient heat stress.
methodsXenograft tumors were established in NOD/SCID mice, and a single session of RFA was administered once the tumors became palpable. For in vitro studies, culture vessels containing papillary thyroid cancer cell lines were briefly submerged in water baths at temperatures of 37, 40, or 42 °C. Functional assays and RNA sequencing were conducted.
resultsFollowing initial volume suppression after RFA, accelerated growth of xenograft tumors was observed. These tumors exhibited higher Ki-67 labeling indices and increased microvessel densities compared to the sham ablation group. Heat treatment at 40–42 °C promoted colony and thyrosphere formation, as well as the migratory and invasive abilities of thyroid cancer cells. The expression levels of HSP90 and HSP70 were upregulated, and treatment with ganetespib, an HSP90 inhibitor, mitigated the promoting effects of heat treatment. Furthermore, heat treatment elevated vascular endothelial growth factor levels and enhanced endothelial cell tube formation.
conclusionSublethal heat stress may undesirably potentiate tumor growth and angiogenesis. These findings emphasize the importance of achieving complete tumor destruction. Long-term clinical trials are needed to monitor the safety of RFA for thyroid cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.