Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41845414›Full record

ArticleBMC medicine2026

Lay descriptions of painful temporomandibular disorders-an international consensus proposal for Global Burden of Disease estimates.

A Lövgren, P Liv, J R Allison, L Baad-Hansen, E V Beecroft, S Bergman, T Bijelic, R Bucci, A Böthun, N Christidis and 35 more

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Article in BMC medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

45 authors.

A LövgrenDepartment of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. anna.lovgren@umu.se.
P LivDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
J R AllisonSchool of Dental Sciences, Framlington Place, Newcastle University & Newcastle Hospitals' NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4BW, UK.
L Baad-HansenDepartment of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
E V BeecroftSchool of Dental Sciences, Framlington Place, Newcastle University & Newcastle Hospitals' NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4BW, UK.
S BergmanPacific Northwest, University of Health Sciences School of Dental Medicine, Yakima, WA, 98901, USA.
T BijelicDepartment of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
R BucciDepartment of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics and Temporomandibular Disorders, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
A BöthunDepartment of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
N ChristidisDivision of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, SE-14104, Sweden.
A ColonnaSchool of Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
R DraghiciSchool of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania.
M DrangsholtDepartment of Oral Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
J DurhamSchool of Dental Sciences, Framlington Place, Newcastle University & Newcastle Hospitals' NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4BW, UK.
M ErnbergDivision of Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, SE-14104, Sweden.
N N GiannakopoulosDepartment of Prosthodontics National &, Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
D A G GonçalvesDepartment of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil.
B GroenkeMinnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
M JusakosFaculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain and TMD Program, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
F LobbezooDepartment of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
E S P LuaFaculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
G LuneckeFaculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain and TMD Program, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
A MalysaDepartment of Experimental Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
D ManfrediniSchool of Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
C MarpaungDepartment of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
A MichelottiDepartment of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics and Temporomandibular Disorders, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
E Moana-FilhoSchool of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
B MorenoFaculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain and TMD Program, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
E NilssonDepartment of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
D R NixdorfSchool of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
L NykänenHead and Neck Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
J F OyarzoFaculty of Odontology, Orofacial Pain and TMD Program, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
C C PeckFaculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
C PenlingtonSchool of Dental Sciences, Framlington Place, Newcastle University & Newcastle Hospitals' NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4BW, UK.
C RestrepoCES-LPH Research Group, Universidad CES Medellín, Medellín, Colombia.
R RongoDepartment of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Oral Sciences, Section of Orthodontics and Temporomandibular Disorders, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
O SchierzDepartment of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
N StanisicDepartment of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
C M VisscherDepartment of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
M WieckiewiczDepartment of Experimental Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
X XiongState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Y Y XuThe Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
C YanezHeidelberg Institute of Global Health, Section for Oral Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
B Häggman-HenriksonDepartment of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
P SvenssonFaculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite being one of the most common chronic pain conditions, painful temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are still not included in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) measures of health loss. A key obstacle is the absence of a lay description that can be used to derive a disability weight reflecting the severity relative to all other diseases' consequences measured in GBD. This study aims to propose lay descriptions of painful TMDs suitable for use within the GBD framework.

methodsThe process was guided by experts from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), USA. A structured consensus process was conducted among international experts, clinicians, and patient representatives in three steps: terminology alignment, roundtable discussions during a workshop, and outcome synthesis. After aligning terminology through introductory lectures, five groups of 8-12 participants reviewed existing lay descriptions for other pain-related disorders. In addition, they discussed lay descriptions and severity states.

resultsNo existing descriptions adequately captured the characteristics of painful TMDs. After consensus discussions, the proposed lay description was "Pain in the jaw, face, cheeks, or around the ears, sometimes radiating to the temples or behind the eyes. The pain may be felt as dull, sharp, tense, or stiff, making chewing, talking, or opening the mouth difficult." Duration, intensity, and frequency were identified as important dimensions linked to severity.

conclusionsThe lay description provides direction on how painful TMDs can be quantified in GBD estimates. Future studies, including those that incorporate patients' perspectives, are essential to ensure alignment with lived experiences.

Indexed as

Global Burden of DiseaseTemporomandibular Joint DisordersConsensus Statements as TopicHumansTerminology as TopicEpidemiologyFacial painGlobal Burden of DiseaseHealth impact assessmentQuality of life

Identifiers

PMID41845414
PMCPMC12997997

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