ArticleBMC oral health2026
Prevalence and severity of molar incisor hypomineralization among children in Madinah, Saudi Arabia: A school-based cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundMolar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a multifactorial qualitative enamel defect that affects permanent molars and incisors, leading to increased sensitivity, a higher risk of cavities, aesthetic concerns, and difficulties in maintaining oral hygiene. MATERIALS AND
methodsA School-based cross-sectional studies involving stratified random sampling of nine primary schools in Madinah city. Parental consent, clinical examinations using Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth DMFT/dmft and the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry standards MIH criteria, a validated questionnaire in Arabic language for demographic and health data, and statistical analysis via SPSS, with high reliability in examiner assessments.
resultsThe study involved 1,557 children, with 825 (53%) diagnosed with Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH); 374 (24%) had affected incisors, while 453 (29.1%) had four teeth affected with MIHf, and the mean dmft and DMFT scores were 6.29 ± 4.07, revealing no significant differences in MIH distribution by gender, parental status, or sibling order; clinical examinations showed a high prevalence of white creamy opacity particularly in teeth #16 and #46, and most lesions (55.7% to 88.4%) were in the < 1/3 extension category, indicating an impact on dental health in the population studied.
conclusionIn Madinah City, Saudi Arabia, 53.0% of school-age children have MIH and significant dental caries, underscoring the need for MIH screening in dental health programs and public awareness initiatives for early detection and treatment.
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