ArticleBMC public health2026
Avian influenza preparedness in Ghana: a cross-sectional assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices among residents of Nsawam-Adoagyiri Municipality, Eastern Region.
Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundAvian influenza (AI) represents a persistent threat to public health, food security, and livelihoods in Ghana, where outbreaks of H5N1 and H9N2 have occurred. This cross-sectional study evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to avian influenza among residents of the Nsawam-Adoagyiri Municipality; an area characterized by intensive poultry production with the aim of delineating deficits in community-level preparedness and guiding evidence-based public health interventions.
methodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2025 using a four-stage sampling technique. We surveyed 321 adults via structured questionnaires, evaluating socio-demographics and KAP related to AI. Scale reliability was assessed using KR-20 (knowledge) and Cronbach’s alpha (attitudes/practices), with construct validity examined through exploratory factor analysis. Scores were categorized using modified Bloom’s taxonomy (≥ 70% indicating good knowledge, positive attitudes, or safe practices). Data were analyzed in STATA 17 using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression.
resultsMost respondents demonstrated good knowledge of AI (81.6%; 95% CI: 77.0–85.5) and positive attitudes toward prevention (74.5%; 95% CI: 69.4–78.9). However, only 26.2% (95% CI: 21.6–31.3) reported adherence to recommended preventive practices. Poultry ownership was significantly associated with positive attitudes (χ2 = 10.44, p = 0.001) and better practices (χ2 = 10.30, p = 0.001). Female participants and those with lower educational attainment had significantly lower knowledge and attitude scores. Strong correlations were observed between knowledge, attitudes, and practices (all p < 0.001), underscoring their interdependence.
conclusionWhile awareness and positive perceptions of AI are high in Nsawam-Adoagyiri, a substantial knowledge-practice gap remains. Community-level interventions including hands-on training, access to affordable protective equipment, and strengthened One Health collaboration are urgently needed to translate awareness into actionable biosafety behaviours and reduce outbreak risk.
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