ArticleBMC plant biology2026
Herbivore-induced 4-ethylbenzaldehyde enhances maize resistance to Spodoptera frugiperda larvae.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundHerbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) play crucial roles in regulating plant defense responses. However, the functions of some HIPVs, particularly in maize seedlings responding to Spodoptera frugiperda larvae, are not well understood. In this study, the HIPVs from maize leaves infested by S. frugiperda were analyzed, larval choice assays for S. frugiperda were performed, and the effects of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde spraying on the maize leaves were assessed.
resultsStudies found that levels of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde significantly increased in maize leaves infested by fourth-instar S. frugiperda, which preferred healthy plants. Behavioral assays indicated that this compound effectively repelled the larvae. Spraying it significantly reduced leaf consumption and larval growth, while enhancing SOD, POD, and CAT activities, as well as levels of JA, SA, ABA, total flavonoids, and DIMBOA. Additionally, related defense response gene expression increased, and H2O2 and MDA levels rose at 12 h before returning to control levels at 24 h.
conclusionsThese findings indicate that 4-ethylbenzaldehyde enhances maize resistance to S. frugiperda by repelling larvae and inducing plant defenses, including antioxidant enzymes, phytohormones, and secondary metabolites. This suggests that 4-ethylbenzaldehyde may be a valuable signal for enhancing defense responses in pest management.
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