ArticleBMC plant biology2026
Silicon mitigates combined cadmium and microplastics toxicity in rice by regulating glyoxalase system, and phytochelatin-mediated cadmium detoxification.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCadmium (Cd) and microplastics (MPs) are common contaminants in paddy fields, posing a serious challenge to rice productivity. Silicon (Si) is widely used globally to counteract abiotic stresses; however, its role in mitigating combined toxicity of Cd and MPs remain unknown. Therefore, this study examined the different mechanisms mediated by silicon to counteract the combined Cd and MPs toxicity in rice. METHODOLOGY: The study performed in CRD design with eight treatments: control (Cd- and MPs free soil), Cd -contaminated soil (20 mg kg−1), MPs contaminated soil (1%), Cd + MPs, control (Cd and MPs free soil) + Si, Cd + Si, MPs + Si, and Cd + MPs + Si. Silicon (SiO2) was sprayed (4.5 mmol L−1) at the tillering and jointing stages.
resultsCadmium and MPs decreased rice yield (~ 40%) by increasing oxidative damage and Cd accumulation, while decreasing chlorophyll production (~ 55%), hormonal synthesis (~ 70%), phytochelatin production, and soil nutrient availability (~ 46%). Silicon mitigated combined Cd and MPs stress by significantly improving chlorophyll content (84.44%) and enhancing antioxidant activities, along with increasing the proline (36.15%) and key phytohormones, including gibberellic acid (97.58%), indole-3-acetic acid (85.93%), jasmonic acid (90.20%), and salicylic acid (69.95%) synthesis. The improved growth was also associated with reduced methylglyoxal (MG) production (23.91%) due to enhanced activity of leaf glyoxalase-I (Gly-I) (31.11%) and glyoxalase-II (Gly-II) (45.45%). Silicon decreased Cd accumulation via increasing soil nutrient availability and phytochelatin (139.20%) production, while decreasing the expression of OsNRAMP1 (21.85%) and OsHMA3 (7.36%) genes involved in Cd uptake.
conclusionIn conclusion, Si alleviates the combined Cd and MPs toxicity by improving redox balance, restricting Cd uptake through phytochelatin induction and gene regulation, and restoring photosynthesis, osmolyte status, and hormone signaling, thereby reducing oxidative stress in rice. These results support Si-based approaches to enhance rice productivity in Cd- and MP-contaminated agroecosystems.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.