ArticleApplied psychophysiology and biofeedback2026
Phonation-Based Spiritual Practices and Autonomic Regulation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Testing the S-CN Model.
Article in Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Resonant nasal phonation is hypothesized to modulate autonomic function via vagal pathways, offering a potential non-pharmacological self-regulation strategy. A comprehensive efficacy synthesis and testable neuro-acoustic mechanism are lacking. This study introduces the Spirituo-Cardio-Neurology (S-CN) framework. To quantify the efficacy of phonation-based protocols on vagal tone (HRV-RMSSD, H2) and stress (cortisol, H3) and generate preliminary evidence for a mechanistic hypothesis (H1) linking acoustic properties to autonomic outcomes. A PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review of 9248 records identified 123 studies. A random-effects meta-analysis of 23 high-quality trials (N = 1247) evaluated primary outcomes. A complementary computational linguistic analysis quantified nasal phoneme density using Quranic Tajwid recitation as a standardized, high-fidelity acoustic model. A meta-regression analysis controlled for respiratory parameters to isolate a unique phonetic effect. Meta-analysis confirmed that phonation-based protocols significantly enhance vagal tone (H2: RMSSD SMD = 0.92, 95% CI [0.65, 1.19], p < 0.001) and reduce cortisol (H3: SMD = − 0.54, 95% CI [− 0.72, − 0.36], p < 0.001 p < 0.001). The computational analysis established the high nasal phoneme density of the model corpus. Crucially, the meta-regression yielded a conservative, adjusted estimate for the unique association between nasal phoneme exposure and vagal tone enhancement (β = 0.42, p < 0.01), offering preliminary quantitative support for the proposed neuro-acoustic mechanism (H1) and grounding future biofeedback applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41845171What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.