Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41845147›Full record

ArticleNeurocritical care2026

Analysis of the External Validity of the RAISE Score for Prediction of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation in a United States-Based Cohort of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients.

Anthony V Nguyen, Audrene S Edwards, Laura K Reed, Blake Marmie, Panayiotis Tjionas, Ethan A Benardete, Mohammed A Chishti, Awais Z Vance, Walter S Lesley, Richard Phenis and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurocritical care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Anthony V NguyenDepartment of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, 2401 S. 31st St. MS-01-610A, Temple, TX, 76508, USA. Anthony.nguyen2@bswhealth.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3566-2659
Audrene S EdwardsResearch Institute, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple, TX, 76508, USA.
Laura K ReedDepartment of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, 2401 S. 31st St. MS-01-610A, Temple, TX, 76508, USA.
Blake MarmieDepartment of Radiology, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple, TX, 76508, USA.
Panayiotis TjionasDepartment of Neurology, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple, TX, 76508, USA.
Ethan A BenardeteDepartment of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, 2401 S. 31st St. MS-01-610A, Temple, TX, 76508, USA.
Mohammed A ChishtiDepartment of Neurology, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple, TX, 76508, USA.
Awais Z VanceDepartment of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, 2401 S. 31st St. MS-01-610A, Temple, TX, 76508, USA.
Walter S LesleyDepartment of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, 2401 S. 31st St. MS-01-610A, Temple, TX, 76508, USA.
Richard PhenisDivision of Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple, TX, 76508, USA.
Thomas L DelmasSchool of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Temple, TX, 76508, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectiveOutcomes for patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have improved substantially through the years, but there remains room for improvement. The RAISE (pRolonged ventilAtion In Subarachnoid hEmorrhage) score was designed to predict which SAH patients will require prolonged mechanical ventilation. We sought to assess the external validity of the RAISE score in our patient population.

methodsThis was a single center retrospective cohort study of adult patients admitted to the neurointensive care unit with non-traumatic SAH from July 2017-July 2025. The ability of the RAISE score to differentiate between patients with varying risk profiles was assessed. The predicted probabilities of mechanical ventilation duration > 7 days were compared to observed frequencies, and a calibration plot was generated. Multivariable logistic regression was also employed to examine if the components of the RAISE score were significantly associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation in our cohort.

resultsA total of 202 patients met study criteria. Of these, 49 (24.3%) were mechanically ventilated > 7 days. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.85, and the calibration slope was 0.60, suggestive of overfitting. Of the 5 RAISE score components, only Hunt-Hess grade (p < 0.001) was significantly associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation in logistic regression.

conclusionWhile the RAISE score performed well in its original cohort and can discriminate between various risk categories for prolonged mechanical ventilation, results indicate that the score is overfit to the original study population or that there are other confounders present such as differences in practices surrounding intubation, ventilation, and extubation. Future studies could consider utilizing another cohort for assessing external validity or designing a novel scoring system for prediction of prolonged mechanical ventilation.

Indexed as

Respiration, ArtificialSubarachnoid HemorrhageAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesUnited StatesArtificialCritical careNeurosurgeryRespirationSubarachnoid hemorrhage

Identifiers

PMID41845147

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.