ArticleEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2026
Creatinine- and cystatin C-based population pharmacokinetic models for predicting mycophenolic acid clearance in patients with autoimmune diseases.
Article in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo quantitatively compare the effectiveness of serum creatinine- and cystatin C-based equations in population pharmacokinetic (PPK) models in predicting renal function for mycophenolic acid (MPA) clearance in patients with autoimmune diseases.
methodsIn this single-centre retrospective study, 176 plasma samples from 37 adult patients (≥ 18 years) with autoimmune diseases who received mycophenolate mofetil were analysed. Renal function was estimated using creatinine clearance (Ccr) based on the Cockcroft-Gault equation and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (creatinine-, cystatin C-, and creatinine+cystatin C-based). The PPK model was developed using Phoenix NLME 8.1 software. Model diagnostics were performed using goodness-of-fit plots, and the model adequacy was assessed using visual predictive check and bootstrap methods.
resultsPlasma MPA concentrations were modelled using a two-compartment model with first-order elimination and a transit compartment for the absorption process. In the PPK analysis, MPA clearance was most effectively explained by the Ccr. Moreover, Ccr and albumin levels were identified as covariates significantly influencing MPA clearance.
conclusionFor adults with autoimmune diseases, creatinine-based equations (particularly Ccr) are superior in predicting MPA clearance. Cystatin C levels reflect glomerular filtration alone, whereas creatinine is eliminated via both glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Since creatinine and a major MPA metabolite are eliminated by tubular secretion, Ccr is the optimal covariate in this analysis. However, cystatin C-based equations may better explain MPA clearance in paediatric patients or older adults with low muscle mass. Therefore, selecting the appropriate renal function equation according to patient characteristics is crucial for optimal mycophenolate mofetil dosing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41844846What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.