ArticleScientific reports2026
Novel soluble bazedoxifene formulation gains antiproliferative and migrastatic effect in squamous cell carcinoma cells.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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15 authors.
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Abstract
The IL-6 signalling pathway plays a significant role in the progression and development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Bazedoxifene is a potent inhibitor of IL-6R; however, its efficacy is limited by its low solubility in water (0.54 mg/mL). In contrast, BAZE-X1, a formulation of bazedoxifene using sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBECD), exhibits enhanced solubility (38 mg/mL). The preparation of this formulation was confirmed through X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry, while the structure of the bazedoxifene complex with SBECD was elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Although BAZE-X1 (10.0 µmol/L; 5.3 µg/mL) demonstrated no toxicity toward SCC cell lines (SCC13, LLSCC1, and FaDu), its effect on IL-6-dependent proliferation was significantly better than that of tocilizumab. The reduction in nuclear accumulation of pSTAT3 (Ser727) by BAZE-X1 was confirmed using In-Cell Western analysis. In the scratch assay, BAZE-X1, like tocilizumab, exhibited antimigratory effects against LLSCC1 but not against SCC13. However, in the context of 3D models (SCC13, LSCLC1, and FaDu), BAZE-X1 (1.0 and especially 5.0 µmol/L; 2.65 and 0.53 µg/mL) displayed a potent antimigration effect.
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