Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41844551›Full record

ArticleThe British journal of sociology2026

Global Inequality of Opportunity in Education Decreased During the 20th Century.

Michael Grätz, Mobarak Hossain, Martina Beretta

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The British journal of sociology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Michael GrätzSwiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research LIVES, University of Lausanne, Swedish Institute for Social Research SOFI, Stockholm University, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7920-1021
Mobarak HossainDepartment of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1042-7388
Martina BerettaDepartment of Social Policy and Intervention and Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Funding

Riksbankens Jubileumsfond P24-0170Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung TMSGI1_211627
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We document changes in global inequality of opportunity in education for women and men born between 1941 and 1983, using individual-level census and survey data on 46.7 million individuals from 95 countries, representing all major regions of the world. We measure global inequality of opportunity in education as inequality in education due to circumstances beyond the control of individuals. In addition to gender and social origin, we treat a person's country of residence as a circumstance that produces inequality of opportunity, because the country of residence is, to a large extent, beyond an individual's control. We test whether global inequality of opportunity in education has increased or decreased across cohorts. Our results show a decline in global inequality of opportunity. The decline is stronger among women than men, although inequality of opportunity remains higher among women than men.

Indexed as

EducationEducational StatusFemaleHumansMaleSex FactorsSocioeconomic Factorseducationequality of opportunityinequalitylife outcomesworld

Identifiers

PMID41844551
PMCPMC13536524

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.