ArticleThe Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology2026
Controlling GRF4-GIF1 expression for efficient, genotype-independent transformation across wheat cultivars.
Article in The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Metabolic engineering of cereal lipids: from omega-3 fatty acids to wax esters and pheromones.Advanced biotechnology · 2026Review
- Molecular regulators of regeneration and strategies for overcoming genotype-dependent recalcitrance in wheat (Triticum aestivum).Communications biology · 2026Review
- Impact of wheat GRF4-GIF1 morphogenic regulators on transformation and genome editing efficiency in elite barley cultivars.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Beyond the Edit: Integrating CRISPR-Cas Genome Editing Into the Cereal Breeding Pipeline.International journal of genomics · 2026Review
- Genotype-flexible plant genetic transformation: advances and prospects.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Review
- Recent advances in site-specific transgene insertion into the maize genome using recombinases and genome editing endonucleases.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Wheat is a staple crop critical for global food security, and its continuous genetic improvement is essential to meet the demands of a growing population. Efficient, genotype-independent transformation is a major bottleneck in wheat functional genomics and gene editing. The growth regulating factor (GRF)-GRF-interacting factor (GIF) fusion technology enhances regeneration efficiency and broadens the range of transformable cultivars, but constitutive expression can reduce fertility and spikelet number. Here, we present an optimised Agrobacterium-mediated wheat transformation protocol incorporating GRF4-GIF1, tested across multiple tetraploid and hexaploid cultivars. Transformation efficiency was improved through adjustments in selection pressure, zeatin concentration, and promoter choice, with GRF4-GIF1 consistently enabling successful transformation across genotypes. Tissue-specific promoters and heat-inducible excision strategies effectively minimised pleiotropic effects, such as reduced fertility, while maintaining high transformation rates. This refined system provides a robust and versatile platform for gene function studies and gene editing, advancing genotype-independent wheat transformation and supporting breeding efforts to improve crop productivity, resilience, and nutritional value.
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Registered trials
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