Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41843836›Full record

ArticleJCO global oncology2026

Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus and Associated Risk Factors Among Individuals With Head and Neck Cancer in a National Referral Center in Tanzania.

Aslam Nkya, Mary Jue Xu, Godfrey Sama Philipo, Summaiya Haddadi, Dianna Ng, Beatrice Paul Mushi, Atuganile Edward Malango, Erick Philip Magorosa, Alan Paciorek, Li Zhang and 9 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in JCO global oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Aslam NkyaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Mary Jue XuDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-4996-6362
Godfrey Sama PhilipoThe College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa (COSECSA), Arusha, Tanzania.
Summaiya HaddadiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.ORCID 0009-0000-4909-3541
Dianna NgDepartment of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.ORCID 0000-0001-5410-2326
Beatrice Paul MushiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.ORCID 0000-0002-5700-8017
Atuganile Edward MalangoDepartment of Pathology, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Erick Philip MagorosaDepartment of Pathology, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Alan PaciorekDepartment Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.ORCID 0000-0003-3900-882X
Li ZhangDepartment Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-3617-2627
Sikudhani MuyaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.ORCID 0000-0001-6634-4277
Patrick HaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.ORCID 0000-0003-0306-6147
Edwin LiyomboDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Enica RichardDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.ORCID 0000-0002-6833-837X
Willybroad MassaweDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.ORCID 0000-0001-5782-827X
Joel M PalefskyDivision of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-5097-3818
Sue S YomDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-0779-7476
Elia John MmbagaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.ORCID 0000-0003-3768-0225
Katherine Van LoonDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.ORCID 0000-0002-9705-4114

Funding

X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHYP30CA008748 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · PI Nicholas D Socci · 1985 to 2026
$347.4M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA008748
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeWhile the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), specifically in the oropharynx subsite, is increasing in western populations, limited data exist on prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. This study describes the prevalence and associated risk factors of HPV association among individuals with HNSCC presenting to Muhimbili National Hospital, the largest public tertiary referral center in Tanzania, a country in East Africa.

methodsParticipants with HNSCC presenting between July 2020 and June 2022 were prospectively recruited in this cross-sectional study. Tumor samples were tested for HPV DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC). Multivariate logistic regression models assessed potential risk factors for HPV.

resultsAmong 121 individuals diagnosed with HNSCC, the median age was 55 years (IQR, 47-68 years), 76.0% (92/121) were male, and 10.9% (13/119 tested) were HIV positive. Among all cases of HNSCC, the prevalence of HPV was 14.6% (95% CI, 7.5 to 21.6) using PCR testing and 23.6% (95% CI, 15.5 to 31.7) using p16 IHC as a surrogate marker. For the oropharynx subsite, 23.1% (95% CI, 0.2 to 46.0) of specimens using PCR testing and 28.6% (95% CI, 4.9 to 52.2) using p16 IHC tested positive (Kappa 3.0 [95% CI, -51.1 to 57.1]; McNemar

conclusionHPV association in HNSCC, specifically of the oropharyngeal subsite, is lower in this cohort from Tanzania compared with western populations. Additional regional data are needed to inform clinical care guidelines and vaccination policies.

Indexed as

Head and Neck NeoplasmsHuman Papillomavirus VirusesPapillomavirus InfectionsAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceProspective StudiesRisk FactorsTanzania

Identifiers

PMID41843836
PMCPMC13014391

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.