ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026
Nudibranch color diversity shares a common physical basis in guanine photonic structure 'pixels'.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gene Expression and Structural Differences Underpinning Black and White Colouration in Spiders.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Nudibranch color diversity shares a common physical basis in guanine photonic structure 'pixels'.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
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Abstract
Nudibranchs are well known for their bright and diverse color patterns. This coloration is typically a form of aposematism, warning predators against toxic compounds sequestered from their prey and weaponized as a form of defense. Although many of the hues in nudibranchs were thought to be of pigmentary origin, here we show, using a combination of white light and Raman microspectroscopy, that hierarchically organized micron-scale guanine multilayer structures are responsible for many of these colors. Such architectures are widespread across the dorid and aeolid groups and are responsible for a striking array of angular-independent structural colors. By using cryogenic focused ion beam (cryo-FIB) SEM tomography, we were able to access the complex 3D organization of the guanine nanoplatelets responsible for the strong blue coloration of
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