Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41843191›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2026

Higher intake of dietary dicarbonyl compounds is associated with lower incidence of type 2 diabetes: European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct case-cohort study.

Kim Maasen, Ana-Lucia Mayen, Claudia Hana, Viktoria Knaze, Marleen M J van Greevenbroek, Simone J P M Eussen, Charlotte Debras, Coen D A Stehouwer, Anne Tjønneland, Cecilie Kyrø and 26 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

36 authors.

Kim MaasenDepartment of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, PO Box 616, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0494-0983
Ana-Lucia MayenNutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
Claudia HanaDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Viktoria KnazeNutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
Marleen M J van GreevenbroekDepartment of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, PO Box 616, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Simone J P M EussenDepartment of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute/CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Charlotte DebrasNutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
Coen D A StehouwerDepartment of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, PO Box 616, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Anne TjønnelandDanish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Cecilie KyrøDanish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Daniel B IbsenSteno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Vej 11, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
Christina C DahDepartment of Public Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
Francesca ManciniUniversité Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP U1018, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
Nasser LaoualiUniversité Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP U1018, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
Mariem HajjiUniversité Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP U1018, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
Matthias B SchulzeDepartment of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Rashmita BajracharyaDepartment of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
Verena KatzkeDepartment of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
Giovanna MasalaInstitute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy.
Fabrizio PasanisiDipartimento Di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
Lorenzo MilaniCancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124, Turin, Italy.
Valeria PalaEpidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori Di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Marta Farràs MañéUnit of Nutrition and Cancer, Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
Conchi Moreno-IribasInstituto de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra, 31003, Pamplona, Spain.
Miguel Rodriguez-BarrancoCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
Sandra Milena Colorado YoharCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
Olatz MokoroaMinistry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain.
Keren PapierCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Elisabete WeiderpassOffice of the Director, International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
Heinz FreislingNutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
Nicholas J WarehamMRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
Nita G ForouhiMRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
Sofia ChristakoudiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
Philippe VangriekenDepartment of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, PO Box 616, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Mazda JenabNutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France. jenabm@iarc.who.int.
Casper G SchalkwijkDepartment of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, PO Box 616, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands. c.schalkwijk@maastrichtuniversity.nl.

Funding

European Union FP6 programme LSHM_CT_2006_037197Joint Programming Initiative A healthy diet for a healthy life N 727565
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeDicarbonyls are reactive precursors of advanced glycation end-products. They are formed during food processing, and endogenously in humans during glycolysis and lipid peroxidation. Higher plasma dicarbonyls, particularly methylglyoxal (MGO), promote insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, but the association between dietary dicarbonyls intake and type 2 diabetes is unknown. This study examined the associations between dietary dicarbonyls and type 2 diabetes incidence.

methods11,995 incident type 2 diabetes cases and a sub-cohort of 15,797 controls from the prospective multi-center European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct cohort were included. Intakes of three major dicarbonyls MGO, glyoxal [GO], and 3-deoxyglucosone [3-DG] were estimated at baseline using dietary questionnaires. Type 2 diabetes risk according to dietary dicarbonyl intake was estimated by multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios from Prentice-weighted Cox-regression analyses.

resultsHigher intakes of MGO (sample-specific mean intake 3.4 ± 1.3 mg/d) and 3-DG (13.8 ± 10.5) were associated with lower incidence of type 2 diabetes (HR 0.92 [95% CI 0.90–0.95] for 1 SD higher MGO intake and 0.93 [0.90–0.95] for 1 SD higher 3-DG intake). No associations were observed for dietary GO.

conclusionParticipants who consumed more dietary dicarbonyls MGO and 3-DG had a lower risk to develop type 2 diabetes. This protective association contrasts with the harmful effects on type 2 diabetes risk reported for endogenously formed dicarbonyls.

Indexed as

DeoxyglucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2DietGlyoxalPyruvaldehydeAdultAgedCase-Control StudiesEuropeFemaleGlycation End Products, AdvancedHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards Models3-deoxyglucosoneDeoxyglucoseGlycation End Products, AdvancedGlyoxalPyruvaldehydeAdvanced glycation end productsDietary dicarbonyl compoundsFood processingGlycationMethylglyoxalType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41843191
PMCPMC12996025

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.