ArticleDiscover public health2026
Elevated prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in a low-income urban primary care setting.
Article in Discover public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss among adults over 50. Early detection enables interventions such as Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) supplementation to slow disease progression, yet AMD remains underdiagnosed in primary care, particularly in underserved populations. This study assessed AMD sample prevalence and its association with social determinants of health in a diverse, urban primary care cohort. Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis of a cross-sectional study conducted from June 2020 to May 2023 at a hospital-based primary care clinic in New York City (NYC). Patients aged 50-89 underwent nonmydriatic color fundus photography graded independently by two physicians using Beckman Initiative criteria. Median household income by ZIP code served as a proxy for socioeconomic position. Multivariable logistic regression examined associations between AMD and demographic or social determinants of health variables. Results: Of 393 patients enrolled, 312 were included in the final analysis. Referable AMD was present in 48.4% of participants based on the Beckman classification, representing the sample prevalence within this clinic cohort and exceeding national population-based estimates. Only 4 of 151 AMD cases had been previously diagnosed. Referable AMD prevalence was higher in males than females (56.2% vs. 44.4%) and increased with age. Median household income was significantly lower among patients with referable AMD compared with those without ($72,000 vs. $151,000; Conclusion: Undiagnosed referable AMD was highly prevalent within this primary care clinic sample of low-income, urban patients. Integrating affordable retinal screening, potentially aided by artificial intelligence, into primary care may help address vision health disparities driven by social determinants of health. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12982-026-01672-0.
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