Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41840828›Full record

ArticleJournal of integrative plant biology2026

Constitution and function of intergenic genome regions in cultivated versus annual wild soybean in China.

Xiaoshuai Hao, Xinyang Hu, Yongpeng Pan, Qi Zhang, Ran Ou, Fenfen Jiang, Fangdong Liu, Jiaoping Zhang, Wubin Wang, Guangnan Xing and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of integrative plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Xiaoshuai HaoMARA National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5997-3795
Xinyang HuMARA National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4284-3424
Yongpeng PanMARA National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9235-8463
Qi ZhangMARA National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0298-7007
Ran OuMARA National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1779-0168
Fenfen JiangMARA National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5149-922X
Fangdong LiuMARA National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7528-9007
Jiaoping ZhangMARA National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0641-1401
Wubin WangMARA National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5468-723X
Guangnan XingMARA National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2507-9195
Junyi GaiMARA National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6222-2010
Jianbo HeMARA National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9685-7564

Funding

the Key Science & Technology Project of Anhui Province 202423l10050012the Local Science and Technology Development Fund Guided by the Central Government of Shandong Province YDZX2023102the MOA CARS-04 program, and the Sanya institute of NAU NAUSY-ZZ02the MOE 111 Project B08025the National Key Research and Development Program of China 2024YFD1201400the Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory ZSBBL-KY2023-03
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The subgenus Soja, including annual wild (Glycine soja) and cultivated soybean (Glycine max), is the primary germplasm source of soybeans. We analyzed the genome constitution of 750 wild and cultivated accessions from the Chinese Soybean Germplasm Population (CSGP), covering ~20.42% genic and ~79.58% intergenic regions. Most previous genomic studies focused on gene compositions and functions, with intergenic regions being non-emphasized yet. Our results showed: (i) We defined 48,465 gene blocks (2-23 alleles/gene block) in the genic region. For intergenic region partitioning, the linkage-disequilibrium (LD) confidence interval (CI) method performed the best, identifying 137,104 SNP LD blocks (SNPLDBs, 2-24 haplotypes/SNPLDB). (ii) Wild and cultivated accessions shared 98.5%/80.9% genes/alleles and 88.0%/80.8% SNPLDBs/haplotypes, indicating high wild genomic contribution to the cultivated genome; genic and intergenic regions exhibit distinct allele/haplotype dynamics during domestication. (iii) We proposed the three-case restricted two-stage multi-locus multi-allele genome-wide association study (three-case RTM-GWAS), identifying 82 day-to-flowering (DTF) main-effect genes and 47 intergenic-SNPLDB-impacted genes (by 34 SNPLDBs) (total 129 genes, 746 alleles). These explained 98.87% of phenotypic variance (PV), with main-effect and SNPLDB-impacted genes accounting for 68.61% and 30.26% PV, respectively; gene-allele(s) impacted by SNPLDB-haplotype (one/both sides) were also identified. (iv) Domestication process excluded more large-effect positive alleles that shorten DTF in cultivated accessions, enhancing DTF's transgressive recombination potential in earliness. This study provides insights into genic/intergenic genome regions, offering a novel understanding of soybean functional genomics.

Indexed as

DNA, IntergenicGenome, PlantGlycine maxAllelesChinaGenome-Wide Association StudyHaplotypesLinkage DisequilibriumPolymorphism, Single NucleotideDNA, Intergenicannual wild soybean Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucccultivated soybean Glycine max (L.) Merrdays to floweringgene functionintergenic impactlinkage disequilibriumthree‐case RTM‐GWAS

Identifiers

PMID41840828
PMCPMC13326968

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.