SynthesisEnvironmental health : a global access science source2026
A systematic review of human studies assessing the health effects of unburned kerosene-based jet fuels and products across diverse populations and settings.
Synthesis in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePetroleum hydrocarbons are significant environmental health concerns globally, due to their extensive use and environmental release, including water contamination events such as the 2021 Red Hill jet fuel spill. Research on kerosene and kerosene-based jet fuels is limited, with prior reviews often focused on occupational and post-combustion exposures. No previous systematic review has focused specifically on pre-combustion exposures. Thus, we systematically reviewed evidence of human health impacts associated with these raw fuels across all exposure settings and population groups. MATERIALS AND
methodsSearch strategies and eligibility criteria were developed and executed following PRISMA reporting guidelines and informed by OHAT procedures for systematic reviews. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched (2017–2024) for eligible literature. Data extraction, analyses, quality assessment and risk of bias appraisals were conducted. Four reviewers participated in these processes.
resultsA total of 28 articles were included. Respiratory outcomes were frequently observed following acute kerosene ingestion, whereas neurological outcomes were common with chronic occupational, dermal and inhalation exposure to jet fuel. Evidence of gastrointestinal and dermal outcomes were also documented. Current literature did not allow outcomes with long latency to be assessed. Limited analytical studies and data heterogeneity challenge the ability to establish robust conclusions.
conclusionConsidering the global health implications of kerosene and kerosene-based jet fuel, and recent water contamination events, this review is novel and timely in its focus on unburned fuel. Current evidence on the human health consequences of these fuels is limited. We thus provide recommendations for future studies, including exposure assessment methods, study designs, and prioritization of underrepresented populations.
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