Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41840391›Full record

ArticleCardiovascular diabetology2026

Is there still room for pioglitazone in contemporary type 2 diabetes management?

Irene Caruso

Abstract readLetter
In one paragraph

Article in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Irene CarusoEndocrinology Unit, University Hospital "Consorziale Policlinico", Bari, Italy. ireneca91@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent real-world evidence comparing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) with pioglitazone indicates broadly comparable cardiovascular and hepatic outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes, with a lower risk of heart failure among GLP-1RA users. These findings must be interpreted in the context of contemporary guidelines, which increasingly prioritize therapies with cardiometabolic benefits while restricting the role of pioglitazone to selected settings. Despite recognized adverse effects, pioglitazone retains clinical relevance due to its glycaemic efficacy, potential cardio-hepatic benefits, and low cost, particularly in health-care systems with limited access to newer agents. Rather than being interchangeable, pioglitazone and GLP-1RA occupy complementary positions within the current therapeutic landscape, underscoring the importance of individualized treatment selection.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsGlycemic ControlHypoglycemic AgentsIncretinsPioglitazoneBiomarkersGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorHumansTreatment OutcomeBiomarkersBlood GlucoseGLP1R protein, humanGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 ReceptorGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsIncretinsPioglitazone

Identifiers

PMID41840391
PMCPMC12990594

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.