Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41840372›Full record

ArticleBMC medical imaging2026

Impact of early glymphatic disorders on the development of vascular dementia.

Shiyan Xie, Yi He, Zhihong Zhao, Xiaolei Zhang, Yue Chen, Xinhui Zheng, Wentao Xuan, Jiechai Lin, Jitian Guan, Zhuozhi Dai and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medical imaging, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Shiyan Xie *Department of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.ORCID 0009-0009-3802-2081
Yi He *Department of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
Zhihong ZhaoDepartment of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
Xiaolei ZhangDepartment of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
Yue ChenDepartment of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
Xinhui ZhengDepartment of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
Wentao XuanShantou University Medical College Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Shantou, 515031, China.
Jiechai LinDepartment of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
Jitian GuanDepartment of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
Zhuozhi DaiDepartment of Radiology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515031, China.
Renhua WuDepartment of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China. rhwu@stu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Early treatment can effectively ameliorate cognitive decline and slow disease progression in vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Glymphatic system dysfunction may significantly contribute to the onset and progression of diverse neurodegenerative diseases. To investigate its influence on VCI, we used dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to observe the exchange of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF) in the brains of vascular dementia (VD) model and SHAM rats, and used the Morris water maze and hematoxylin–eosin staining to confirm the predictive value of the glymphatic system for VCI. The clearance rate of the CSF contrast agent, Gd-DOTA, from the brain interstitial space was slower in the VD than in the SHAM group. Behavioral tests showed a robust negative correlation between VCI and retention of Gd-DOTA contrast agents in the hippocampal region of VD rats. Pathology revealed a significant positive correlation between the number of apoptotic neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region and Gd-DOTA retention in the hippocampal region of VD rats. The clearance of brain ISF was hindered in the model rats, indicating that glymphatic system damage contributed to cognitive impairment in this group. Our findings suggest that glymphatic system function may be a predictor of VD development.

Indexed as

Dementia, VascularGlymphatic SystemAnimalsContrast MediaDisease Models, AnimalDynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance ImagingExtracellular FluidHeterocyclic CompoundsMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleOrganometallic CompoundsRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyContrast Mediagadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetateHeterocyclic CompoundsOrganometallic CompoundsCognitive declineDynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imagingGlymphatic systemVascular cognitive impairmentVascular dementia

Identifiers

PMID41840372
PMCPMC13104415

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.