ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2026
Evaluating ACGME Milestone 2.0 Performance: A Comparison of Accelerated 3-Year MD and Traditional 4-Year Graduates in Internal Medicine Residency Programs.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe number of graduates from accelerated 3-year MD (A3YP) programs has increased over the past decade. Previous work showed that A3YP graduates perform comparably to non-accelerated (4-year) graduates from the same medical schools on mid-year and end-year Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) harmonized milestones. In shifting to the residency program perspective, it remains unclear how the performance of A3YP graduates compares to non-accelerated graduates including traditional 4-year, international, and osteopathic medical school graduates.
objectiveTo compare the intern performance of A3YP graduates compared with non-accelerated graduates using mid-year and end-year ACGME milestones in Internal Medicine (IM) residency programs.
designThe study employed a retrospective cohort design, hypothesizing that graduates from A3YPs were comparable to non-accelerated graduates in the same program.
participants108 interns who graduated from A3YP were compared to 3,542 interns from non-accelerated programs at the same 34 IM residency programs. MAIN MEASURES: Descriptive statistics were provided for ACGME milestone performance. Cross-classified random-effects regression was used to account for residency program effects and estimate group differences. KEY
resultsAfter controlling for residency programs, the milestone ratings of A3YP graduates were higher in all competency domains at mid-year except practice-based learning and improvement (PBLI) at .04 (P = .089) (coefficients ranged from 0.08 for medical knowledge (MK) (P < .001) to 0.23 in professionalism (PROF) (P < .001)). These differences persisted at the end-year period (coefficients ranged from 0.05 in PBLI (P = .039) to 0.17 in PROF (P < .001)) except MK at .02 (P = .656). Patient care differences were 0.15 (P < .001) at mid- and 0.14 (P = .005) at end-year.
conclusionsThis study contributes to the literature demonstrating that interns graduating from A3YP are at least equivalent in terms of milestone assessment and possibly better in the competencies of PC and PROF than their non-accelerated counterparts.
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