ArticleClinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico2026
The prognostic value of methylated ctDNA, soluble PD-L1, and NK-cell activity on the risk of relapse after curative radiotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer.
Article in Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionDespite receiving curative radiotherapy (RT) for localized lung cancer, relapse may occur within the first year, and 5-year survival is low. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic ability of the combination of Natural Killer-cell activity (NKA), soluble programmed death-ligand 1 (sPD-L1), and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to predict a relapse within 12-month follow-up. MATERIALS AND
methodsSixty-eight patients had blood samples analyzed from baseline, the first follow-up visit, and 6 and 9 months after treatment. NKA was measured with the NKVue® assay, sPD-L1 was measured with the Quantikine ELISA kit, and ctDNA was measured using in-house developed tumor-agnostic droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assays for testing methylated loci near the genes HOXA9, TFAP2B, MCIDAS, and SP9. Chi
resultsBaseline reduced NKA was significantly associated with experiencing a relapse within 12-month follow-up (p = 0.01). Having a positive baseline ctDNA was also significantly associated with experiencing a relapse within 12-month follow-up (p = 0.03). The combination of all four ctDNA markers, sPD-L1, and NKA had an area under the curve of 0.86 (95% CI 0.74-0.98) for predicting a relapse within 12 months of follow-up.
conclusionFindings from this study suggest that a combination of all six biomarkers measured at baseline may help predict the risk of relapse following curative RT for lung cancer. Larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to further verify the results.
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