ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2026
Assessing environmental impacts and ecosystem services of Hops crop in Galicia, NW Spain: critical contributors for sustainable cultivation strategies.
Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Hops (Humulus lupulus) is a crop of great interest due to its use in the brewing industry; however, the environmental impacts associated with its cultivation remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this study provides the first evaluation of the environmental performance of hops cultivation using the Life Cycle Assessment methodology, with a case study of Galicia, NW Spain. The system boundaries, following a cradle-to-farm-gate approach, included all field operations throughout its entire lifespan (20 years), with primary data obtained directly from farmers. Impact categories such as Global Warming, Eutrophication, Ecotoxicity and Water Scarcity were considered. The main environmental hotspots identified were irrigation, due to the high crop water requirements, followed by agrochemical production and the associated on-field emissions. The results showed impacts of 3.05 kg CO₂ eq in global warming, 35.35 g SO₂ eq in terrestrial acidification or 70.3 m
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