Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41840138›Full record

ArticleNature neuroscience2026

Restoring rapid natural bimanual typing with a neuroprosthesis after paralysis.

Justin J Jude, Hadar Levi-Aharoni, Alexander J Acosta, Shane B Allcroft, Claire Nicolas, Bayardo E Lacayo, Nicholas S Card, Maitreyee Wairagkar, Alisa D Levin, David M Brandman and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. The many interfaces of neurotechnology.Nature neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Justin J JudeCtr. for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Dept. of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. jjude@mgh.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0175-1856
Hadar Levi-AharoniCtr. for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Dept. of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7606-6530
Alexander J AcostaCtr. for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Dept. of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-0352-8029
Shane B AllcroftSch. of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Claire NicolasCtr. for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Dept. of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7761-3943
Bayardo E LacayoCtr. for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Dept. of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Nicholas S CardDept. of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-268X
Maitreyee WairagkarDept. of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9546-2843
Alisa D LevinDepartment of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-0517-4843
David M BrandmanDept. of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3224-7019
Sergey D StaviskyDept. of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5238-0573
Francis R WillettDept. of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Ziv M WilliamsDept. of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0017-0048
John D SimeralSch. of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6855-1963
Leigh R HochbergCtr. for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Dept. of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0261-2273
Daniel B RubinCtr. for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Dept. of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6982-9587

Funding

Engaging new cognitive and motor signals to improve communication prosthesesR01DC014034 · NIDCD · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI JAIMIE M HENDERSON · 2015 to 2026
$8.2M
Cortical basis of complex motor sequences in humans for neural interfacesU01NS123101 · NINDS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI HENDERSON, JAIMIE M · 2021 to 2025
$6.3M
Intuitive, complete neural control of tablet computers for communicationU01DC017844 · NIDCD · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI HOCHBERG, LEIGH R · 2019 to 2025
$4.3M
Neural control of speech generation in human motor cortexK23DC021297 · NIDCD · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI DANIEL B RUBIN · 2023 to 2026
$786k
American Heart Association (American Heart Association, Inc.) 23SCEFIA1156586A.P. Giannini Foundation Postdoctoral FellowshipNIDCD NIH HHS K23 DC021297NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC014034NIDCD NIH HHS U01 DC017844NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS123101Office of Research and Development (VHA Office of Research and Development) A2295R, A4820ROffice of Research and Development (VHA Office of Research and Development) A2295R, A4820R, A3803ROffice of Research and Development (VHA Office of Research and Development) A2295R, A4820R, N2864COffice of Research and Development (VHA Office of Research and Development) A2295R, A4820R, N2864C, A3803ROffice of Research and Development (VHA Office of Research and Development) A4820RRRD VA I01 RX002295RRD VA I01 RX003803RRD VA I01 RX004820Simons Foundation Pilot Award from the Simons Collaboration for the Global Brain (872146SPI)United States Department of Defense | United States Army | Army Medical Command | Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (CDMRP) HT94252310153U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) U01NS123101U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) K23DC021297U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) U01DC017844U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) U01DC017844, R01DC014034
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Here, recognizing keyboard typing as a familiar, high information rate communication paradigm, we developed an intracortical brain-computer interface (iBCI) typing neuroprosthesis providing bimanual QWERTY keyboard functionality for people with paralysis. Typing with this iBCI involves only attempted finger movements, which are decoded accurately with as few as 30 calibration sentences. Sentence decoding is improved using a 5-gram language model. This typing neuroprosthesis performed well for two iBCI clinical trial participants with tetraplegia-one with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and one with spinal cord injury. Typing speed is user-regulated, reaching 110 characters per minute, resulting in 22 words per minute with a word error rate of 1.6%. This resembles able-bodied typing accuracy and provides higher throughput than current state-of-the-art hand motor iBCI decoding. In summary, a typing neuroprosthesis decoding finger movements, provides an intuitive, familiar and easy-to-learn paradigm for individuals with impaired communication due to paralysis.

Indexed as

Brain-Computer InterfacesNeural ProsthesesParalysisPsychomotor PerformanceAdultAmyotrophic Lateral SclerosisFemaleFingersHumansMaleMiddle AgedQuadriplegiaSpinal Cord Injuries

Identifiers

PMID41840138
PMCPMC13633126

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.