Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41838915›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

Lethal toxin-equipped effector cells for the potential treatment of cancer.

Alexander H Pearlman, Brian J Mog, Michael S Hwang, Jordina Rincon-Torroella, Sarah R DiNapoli, Suman Paul, Jacqueline Douglass, Emily Han-Chung Hsiue, Stephanie A Glavaris, Drew M Pardoll and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Alexander H PearlmanLudwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Lustgarten Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287.ORCID 0000-0002-3504-7517
Brian J MogLudwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Lustgarten Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287.
Michael S HwangLudwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Lustgarten Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287.ORCID 0009-0004-2146-8558
Jordina Rincon-TorroellaLudwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Lustgarten Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287.
Sarah R DiNapoliLudwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Lustgarten Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287.ORCID 0000-0002-3675-9030
Suman PaulLudwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Lustgarten Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287.ORCID 0000-0001-9357-3702
Jacqueline DouglassLudwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Lustgarten Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287.ORCID 0000-0002-9113-7090
Emily Han-Chung HsiueLudwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Lustgarten Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287.
Stephanie A GlavarisLudwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Lustgarten Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287.
Drew M PardollBloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287.ORCID 0000-0001-6215-1013
Nickolas PapadopoulosLudwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Lustgarten Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287.
Kenneth W KinzlerLudwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Lustgarten Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287.
Chetan BettegowdaLudwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Lustgarten Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287.
Shibin ZhouLudwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Lustgarten Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287.
Bert VogelsteinLudwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Lustgarten Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287.ORCID 0000-0003-0766-3854
Maximilian F KonigLudwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Lustgarten Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287.ORCID 0000-0001-5045-5255

Funding

Translational Research Central ServicesP30CA006973 · NCI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI ALAN KEITH MEEKER · 1985 to 2026
$208.6M
Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM136577 · NIGMS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI ANDREA L COX · 2020 to 2026
$13.4M
ONCOLOGY: CHEMOTHERAPY, IMMUNOLOGY, BIOLOGYT32CA009071 · NCI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Mary Y Armanios, Nilofer S. Azad · 1985 to 2026
$12.8M
Multi-analyte Approach for Earlier Detection of Cancers in Non Plasma BiofluidsU01CA230691 · NCI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Nishant Agrawal, CHETAN BETTEGOWDA · 2018 to 2026
$6.7M
Multidisciplinary Rheumatology Training ProgramT32AR048522 · NIAMS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI CLIFTON O BINGHAM, LIVIA A CASCIOLA-ROSEN · 2003 to 2026
$6.4M
Integrating circulating tumor DNA assay and protein-based MRI to accurately monitor glioma therapyR01CA276221 · NCI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI CHETAN BETTEGOWDA, Shanshan Jiang · 2023 to 2026
$2.7M
TCR Targeting Antibodies for the Treatment of T cell CancersK08CA270403 · NCI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Suman Paul · 2022 to 2026
$1.1M
Precision immunotherapies targeting the 9G4 idiotype in lupus erythematosusR21AI176764 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI ANDRADE, FELIPE, KONIG, MAXIMILIAN FERDINAND · 2023 to 2024
$450k
Cell-free DNA-Based Analysis for Diagnosis, Monitoring and Optimization of Therapy for Patients with Primary Central Nervous System LymphomasR21TR004059 · NCATS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI BETTEGOWDA, CHETAN, HOLDHOFF, MATTHIAS · 2022 to 2023
$450k
NCI NIH HHS K08 CA270403NCI NIH HHS P30 CA006973NCI NIH HHS T32 CA009071NCI NIH HHS U01 CA230691NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI176764NIAMS NIH HHS T32 AR048522NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM136577NIH HHS 1R21AI176764-01NIH HHS CA06973NIH HHS K08CA270403NIH HHS P30CA006973NIH HHS R01CA276221NIH HHS R21TR004059NIH HHS RA37CA230400NIH HHS T32AR048522NIH HHS T32GM136577NIH HHS U01CA230691
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lethal toxins could become potent therapies against cancer, but their clinical utility is limited by adverse events upon systemic administration. These could be reduced if the toxins were delivered by effector cells that specifically infiltrate cancers, thereby releasing toxins locally into the tumor microenvironment. One of the challenges underlying this strategy is that cells delivering toxins would have to be resistant to them. We address this obstacle by showing that effectors derived from transformed human cell lines genetically engineered for resistance to bacterial adenosine diphosphate ribosylating toxins (ADPRTs), including

Indexed as

ADP Ribose TransferasesBacterial ToxinsExotoxinsImmunotoxinsNeoplasmsVirulence FactorsCell Line, TumorHistidineHumansPeptide Elongation Factor 2Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin AADP Ribose TransferasesBacterial ToxinsdiphthamideExotoxinsHistidineImmunotoxinsPeptide Elongation Factor 2Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin AVirulence Factorscancercell engineeringimmunotherapyimmunotoxin

Identifiers

PMID41838915
PMCPMC13012071

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.