Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41838913›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

Correlations without causation do not support claims of human-LLM reasoning alignment.

Ivan I Vankov, Federico Adolfi, Rachel F Heaton, Guillermo Puebla, Jeffrey S Bowers

Abstract readLetter
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Reply to Hu: Reasoning traces need not be faithful to account for the cost of human thinking.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  2. Reply to Vankov et al.: Reasoning traces are linked to accuracy and capture key dimensions of problem complexity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ivan I VankovInstitute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
Federico AdolfiErnst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience, Max Planck Society, Frankfurt 60528, Germany.
Rachel F HeatonSchool of Art & Design, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801.ORCID 0000-0002-7121-7691
Guillermo PueblaFacultad de Administración y Economía, Universidad de Tarapacá, Santiago 1000000, Chile.ORCID 0000-0001-7002-7776
Jeffrey S BowersSchool of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8-1TU, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-9558-5010

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Identifiers

PMID41838913
PMCPMC13011934

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.