ArticleEuropean addiction research2026
Toward Inclusivity: Validation of a Gender-Sensitive Tool to Measure Barriers to Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment among Cis- and Transgender People.
Article in European addiction research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
<p>Introduction: Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) encounter significant barriers to seeking treatment, with these obstacles often greater for cisgender women and transgender individuals. Negative consequences of AUD are particularly severe in these groups, yet research on their specific treatment barriers is lacking. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the Barriers to AUD Treatment Questionnaire (BAT-Q) and to explore differences in reported barriers among cisgender men, cisgender women, and transgender individuals who had considered AUD treatment in the past 5 years.
methodsParticipants were recruited through online platforms in the Netherlands and in-person flyers in the greater Amsterdam area. In total, 112 cisgender men, 154 cisgender women, and 98 transgender individuals completed an online survey that included the BAT-Q questionnaire.
resultsExploratory factor analysis identified seven reliable domains of barriers: social stigma, comorbid problems and negative care experiences, limited care accessibility, fear of limited inclusivity and discrimination, limited social support, socioeconomic constraints, and negative expectations of care. While comparisons among groups yielded preliminary insights these findings should be interpreted with caution, as confirmatory factor analysis have not yet been conducted. However, transgender individuals reported higher barriers than both cisgender men and women across all domains except socioeconomic constraints. Both cisgender women and transgender individuals experienced greater stigma-related barriers than cisgender men. Higher alcohol and drug use severity predicted greater overall treatment barriers in all groups. Notably, poorer perceived socioeconomic status and low social support were more strongly associated with barriers among women than among cisgender men or transgender individuals.
conclusionThese findings underscore the need for gender-affirming and accessible AUD services. The BAT-Q provides a promising new tool for identifying and addressing specific barriers to treatment, although further validation of its structure is warranted to strengthen the interpretation of group differences. </p>.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.