ArticlePloS one2026
Effects of music therapy in patients with diabetic retinopathy undergoing pan‑retinal photocoagulation.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesPan-retinal photocoagulation is a common outpatient procedure for diabetic retinopathy that often causes procedural pain and anxiety. Nonpharmacologic interventions such as music therapy may provide relief but are underexplored in this population. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a three-phase music therapy intervention in reducing pain, anxiety, and physiological responses during pan-retinal photocoagulation, and to explore its potential as a supportive outpatient strategy.
methodsQuasi-experimental study.
settingOphthalmology Outpatient Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University.
participantsParticipants were non-randomly allocated. This experimental study allocated participants to groups based on clinic visiting time. Patients attending on Tuesday and Wednesday mornings were assigned to the intervention group, while those attending on Tuesday afternoons formed the control group receiving usual care. This time-based allocation minimized cross-contamination and facilitated implementation in routine practice. 116 patients with diabetes were assigned to experimental or control groups, out of which 59 patients completed the intervention.
interventionThe intervention consisted of listening to pre-recorded three-phase classical music combined with audiovisual education. The control group only received the audiovisual education. OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome was pain, measured by the Visual Analog Scale, it was taken during treatment and 5 minutes after treatment; secondary outcomes included state anxiety (Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), heart rate and blood pressure (Omron electronic sphygmomanometer). Theses measurements were taken 15 minutes before and 5 minutes after treatment. Post-treatment satisfaction was evaluated using a study-specific, self-developed questionnaire comprising six items rated on a 5-point Likert scale.
resultsPain, anxiety, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were lower in the intervention group compared with control group (p < 0.05). No significant differences in heart rate were observed between groups. There were none adverse events occurred during intervention. Satisfaction was high in both groups, the intervention group rated staff education content and service attitude higher (p < 0.05), with no other between-group differences, and music acceptability was favorable.
conclusionA three-phase music therapy intervention is a safe and effective approach for reducing procedural pain, anxiety, and blood pressure in patients undergoing PRP. These results support its integration as a nonpharmacologic option in outpatient ophthalmologic care. Trial registration number: ChiCTR2500106330.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.