Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41838669›Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

Limonin induces ferroptosis in cervical squamous cell carcinoma by activating the expression of soluble epoxide hydrolase 2 protein.

Qi Wu, Suning Bai, Pei Wang, Lina Han, Liyun Song, Luyang Su, Yanan Ren

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Qi WuDepartment of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0695-1072
Suning BaiDepartment of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
Pei WangDepartment of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
Lina HanDepartment of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
Liyun SongDepartment of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
Luyang SuDepartment of Physical Examination Center, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
Yanan RenDepartment of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Natural products are a rich sources for developing anti-cancer drugs with low toxicity and high efficiency. Limonin has anti-cancer activity; however, its effect on cervical squamous cell carcinoma remains unreported. The aim of this study was to explore how Limonin affects ferroptosis in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC) and its underlying mechanism. Based on differential gene analysis of the Gene Expression Omnibus database and drug target prediction of the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, combined with molecular docking technology, potential anti-cancer targets of Limonin were identified. In vitro experiments were conducted to create epoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) knockdown and overexpression cell lines. Relevant phenotypic experiments were conducted to verify how Limonin targeting EPHX2 affects cell proliferation and ferroptosis. Integrated bioinformatic analysis revealed EPHX2 as a key target of Limonin. Functional experiments showed that EPHX2 overexpression inhibited the proliferation of CESC and induced ferroptosis, while Limonin treatment could enhance EPHX2 expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, EPHX2 knockdown could reverse the inhibitory effect of Limonin on CESC proliferation and alterations in ferroptosis-related indicators. This study results reveals a new mechanism by which Limonin induces ferroptosis in CESC by activating EPHX2, providing a new strategy for natural compound-based ferroptosis-targeted therapy.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, Squamous CellEpoxide HydrolasesFerroptosisLimoninsUterine Cervical NeoplasmsCell Line, TumorCell ProliferationFemaleGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansMolecular Docking SimulationEPHX2 protein, humanEpoxide HydrolaseslimoninLimonins

Identifiers

PMID41838669
PMCPMC12991262

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.