Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41838022›Full record

ArticleJournal of studies on alcohol and drugs2026

Experiences of People Who Use Drugs in Rural Southeastern Ohio During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Harm Reduction, Substance Use Treatment, and Trusted Information Sources.

Madison N Enderle, Hannah M Piscalko, Laura Limarzi-Klyn, David C Colston, Adams L Sibley, Angela T Estadt, Vivian F Go, William C Miller

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Madison N EnderleCollege of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
Hannah M PiscalkoCollege of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
Laura Limarzi-KlynDepartment of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
David C ColstonDepartment of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Adams L SibleyInjury Prevention Center, The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Angela T EstadtCollege of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
Vivian F GoDepartment of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
William C MillerDepartment of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

Funding

Learning from the COVID-19 pandemic to improve emergency management planning for harm reduction services in rural OhioUH3DA044822 · NIDA · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI GO, VIVIAN F., MILLER, WILLIAM C · 2019 to 2022
$2.5M
Implementing a Community-Based Response to the Opioid Epidemic in Rural OhioUG3DA044822 · NIDA · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI GO, VIVIAN F., MILLER, WILLIAM C · 2017 to 2018
$1.1M
NIDA NIH HHS UG3 DA044822NIDA NIH HHS UH3 DA044822
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe purpose of this study was to describe COVID-19 pandemic experiences among people who use drugs (PWUD) in rural southeastern Ohio in varying geographies and time since the start of the pandemic.

methodWe used two cross-sections of data from the Ohio Opioid Project to describe shifts in PWUDs' service accessibility and in their perceived trustworthiness of COVID-19-related information sources. Participants in the cross-section "Rural2020-22" were surveyed from September 2020 to January 2022 in a rural area. Participants in the cross-section "Micropolitan2022-23" were surveyed from January 2022 to February 2023 in a micropolitan area. Our total sample included 408 participants (50% male).

resultsEarly in the COVID-19 pandemic, 36% of participants reported increased drug use. Rural2020-22 participants reported that services were at least "a little harder" to access than before the pandemic more often than Micropolitan2022-23 participants (local harm reduction services: 34% vs. 30%; substance use treatment programs: 49% vs. 26%). Most participants reported news media as a source of COVID-19 information in both samples (Rural2020-22: 75%; Micropolitan2022-23: 51%). Local harm reduction programs and health authorities had the highest levels of trust in their information among participants (Rural2020-22: 46%, 22%; Micropolitan2022-23: 37%, 30%, respectively, trusted them "a lot").

conclusionsIn the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, many PWUD reported increased substance use, yet struggled to access services. Local harm reduction programs, health authorities, and news media may be valuable outlets for disseminating timely health information, such as program changes and availability, to PWUD during a future emergency.

Indexed as

COVID-19Drug UsersHarm ReductionRural PopulationSubstance-Related DisordersTrustAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth Services AccessibilityHumansMaleMiddle AgedOhio

Identifiers

PMID41838022
PMCPMC13045024

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.