Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41837778›Full record

ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2026

Unveiling discrepancies in depression detection among persons with dementia: A comparative analysis of caregiver and self-report.

Bailey L Ortiz, Aaron W Scheffler, Patrick Callahan, Suzanne Shdo, Myrthe G Rijpma, Rea Antoniou, Rayna Hirst, Lisa M Brown, Gil Rabinovici, Howard J Rosen and 6 more

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Bailey L OrtizThe Fein Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-1144-380X
Aaron W SchefflerThe Fein Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Patrick CallahanThe Fein Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Suzanne ShdoThe Fein Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Myrthe G RijpmaThe Fein Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Rea AntoniouThe Fein Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3654-9834
Rayna HirstDepartment of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Lisa M BrownDepartment of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Gil RabinoviciThe Fein Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Howard J RosenThe Fein Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Maria Luisa Gorno-TempiniThe Fein Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
William W SeeleyThe Fein Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Bruce L MillerThe Fein Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Katherine L PossinThe Fein Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Joel H KramerThe Fein Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Katherine P RankinThe Fein Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3611-0848

Funding

TDP-43 Loss-of-Function: Biology to BiomarkersP01AG019724 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Jennifer Merrilees · 2002 to 2026
$67.2M
Research Education ComponentP30AG062422 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Gil Dan Rabinovici · 2019 to 2026
$36.9M
PrPSc SPECIFIC INTERACTION WITH NOVEL PrP-Fc FUSION PROTEINSP50AG023501 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI HUANG, YADONG · 2004 to 2018
$27.1M
Attention and Semantic Evaluation as Predictors of Empathy in Healthy Aging and Frontotemporal DementiaRF1AG029577 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI RANKIN, KATHERINE P · 2019 to 2019
$4.0M
Measuring Altered Social Behavior in Neurodegenerative DiseaseR01AG029577 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI RANKIN, KATHERINE P · 2008 to 2018
$3.6M
Training program in the neurology of language and neurodegenerative aphasiasK24DC015544 · NIDCD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GORNO TEMPINI, MARIA LUISA · 2016 to 2025
$1.9M
NIA NIH HHS P01 AG019724NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062422NIA NIH HHS P50 AG023501NIA NIH HHS R01 AG029577NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG029577NIDCD NIH HHS K24 DC015544
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BackgroundDepression assessment in persons with dementia (PWD) often prioritizes caregiver report, with limited integration of self-report due to concerns about PWD insight.ObjectiveThis cross-sectional study examined discrepancies between self- and caregiver-reported depression in PWD and identified neuropsychiatric and diagnostic predictors of discordance.Methods402 PWD diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD), behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), or progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) self-reported depression using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), while caregivers completed the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Discrepancies were categorized as Concordant (agreement), Discordant Type 1 (self-reported depression denied by caregiver), or Discordant Type 2 (caregiver-reported depression denied by PWD).ResultsOne-third (33.8%) of dyads showed discrepancies: 66.2% were concordant, 10.2% Discordant Type 1, and 23.6% Discordant Type 2. PSPs had higher incidence of Type 1 discordance compared to AD (OR = 2.91, p < 0.05), while svPPAs were less likely to incur Type 2 discordance than AD (OR = 0.33, p < 0.01). Higher self-reported GDS Hopelessness, Withdrawal, and Worry predicted higher rates of Type 1 discordance, while lower Dysphoria predicted Type 2 discordance. Higher caregiver-reported NPI Apathy increased odds of Type 1 discordance (OR = 2.46, p < 0.05) and lower NPI Anxiety increased odds of Type 2 discordance (OR = 0.50, p < 0.01). Among cases with Type 1 discordance, caregivers often endorsed PWD apathy, irritability, agitation, or anxiety instead of depression.ConclusionsDiscrepancies in reporting depression in PWD can reflect underreporting by caregivers, not only denial by PWD. Integrating self-report, caregiver input, and clinical judgment may improve diagnostic accuracy for depression in PWD and improve care.

Indexed as

CaregiversDementiaDepressionSelf ReportAgedAged, 80 and overCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeuropsychological TestsPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesAlzheimer diseasecaregiversdementiadepressiongeriatric psychiatryself-report

Identifiers

PMID41837778
PMCPMC13412452

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.