Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41837258›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental science & technology letters2026

Loss of Infectivity of Influenza Virus and SARS-CoV‑2 during Aerosol Sampling.

Jin Pan, Nisha K Duggal, Seema S Lakdawala, Meher Sethi, Nahara Vargas-Maldonado, Vedhika Raghunathan, Anice C Lowen, Linsey C Marr

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental science & technology letters, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jin PanDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-2394
Nisha K DuggalDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.
Seema S LakdawalaDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States.
Meher SethiDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.
Nahara Vargas-MaldonadoDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.
Vedhika RaghunathanDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.
Anice C LowenDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.
Linsey C MarrDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3628-6891

Funding

Pulmonary Toxicology Facility CoreP30ES005605 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI Jong Sung Kim · 1990 to 2026
$40.5M
NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES005605
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Our understanding of transmission of influenza virus and other respiratory viruses is limited by the difficulty of detecting infectious viruses in aerosol particles. Most aerosol sampling methods are believed to contribute to virus inactivation, but the magnitude of this sampling artifact is unknown. To investigate this question, we aerosolized influenza A virus (IAV) and SARS-CoV-2 suspended in human saliva into a small chamber (3.7 L). Aerosols settled for 10 min onto either cells or a thin layer of liquid medium that was immediately transferred to cells for plaque assay. Aerosols that deposited directly onto cells led to the formation of 100× more plaque forming units (PFU) compared to aerosols that deposited first into liquid medium. Further experiments ruled out uneven aerosol distribution in the chamber or inefficient virus recovery as causes of this discrepancy. These findings indicate that aerosolized IAV and SARS-CoV-2 lost infectivity by approximately 2 log

Indexed as

aerosol samplingbioaerosolsinactivationinfectivityInfluenza virus

Identifiers

PMID41837258
PMCPMC12980836

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.