Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41837257›Full record

ArticleChina CDC weekly2026

Validation of the Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test for Rabies Virus Neutralizing Antibodies - China, 2025.

Zixin Fang, Xiaoyan Tao, Shuqing Liu, Qian Liu, Minghui Zhang, Nuo Yang, Zeheng Hu, Tom Jin, Eric Tsao, Pengcheng Yu and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in China CDC weekly, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Zixin FangNHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Xiaoyan TaoNHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Shuqing LiuNHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Qian LiuNHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Minghui ZhangNHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Nuo YangNHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Zeheng HuSynermore Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China.
Tom JinSynermore Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China.
Eric TsaoSynermore Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China.
Pengcheng YuNHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
Wuyang ZhuNHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: The rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) is a cell-based virus neutralization assay and the gold standard for quantifying rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNA) in serums. It is used to assess the biological efficacy of rabies vaccines and evaluate protective immunity in both humans and animals. Despite its broad application, RFFIT requires thorough validation to ensure reliability. Methods: RFFIT was validated in this study using the third World Health Organization international standard for anti-rabies immunoglobulin (WHO-3 SRIG) and negative human sera. The validation followed the guidelines outlined by the Food and Drug Administration Guidance for Industry and International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH)Q2 (R1) guidelines and included the assessment of intra-assay and intermediate precision, dilutability, linearity, range, accuracy, specificity, robustness, and stability. Results: The RFFIT method demonstrated good precision, with intra-assay and intermediate-precision geometric coefficient of variation (GCV) <30%. Dilutability was confirmed, with 95% of positive samples showing geometric mean concentration (GMC) differences within ±30% compared to undiluted controls. The standard and detection values were described by Conclusion: The assay was successfully validated for quantifying RVNA content in serum samples.

Indexed as

potencyRabies virusRFFITvalidation

Identifiers

PMID41837257
PMCPMC12982118

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.