Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41837238›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in artificial intelligence2026

Audit-as-code: a policy-as-code framework for continuous AI assurance.

Aoun E Muhammad, Kin-Choong Yow, Shrooq Alsenan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in artificial intelligence, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Aoun E MuhammadFaculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.
Kin-Choong YowFaculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.
Shrooq AlsenanDepartment of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdurahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Existing AI assurance and governance frameworks rely heavily on documented written policies and manual reviews of the implementation. The primary challenge is not the length of these documents, but to operationalize the gap from transforming qualitative requirements into verifiable controls. This approach makes ensuring continuous compliance through the development life cycle hard to enforce, scale, and reproduce. Methods: This study presents a continuous assurance framework called Audit-as-Code that maps governance requirements to technically-auditable rules, that can be a combination of versioned policy specification and executable checks for evidence artifacts, linked to structured evidence regarding data, models, provenance, performance, decisions, and explanations regarding the decisions being made. While the framework addresses the governance and regulatory mapping requirements, the primary focus of this study is MLOps/CI-CD (continuous integration/continuous delivery) operationalization, and turning these requirements into deterministic checks and gate decisions integrated in operational workflows. In this study, we introduce an assured readiness score that integrates the governance risk with other key responsible AI principles, such as traceability and explainability. This approach helps in aligning deployment decisions with predefined risk tiers, and the framework automates decisions on whether a system can proceed, requires remediation and fixes, or should be blocked. It also provides targeted suggestions for improvement and compliance for the lags identified. Results: We evaluated this framework on representative AI systems and demonstrated how a single evidence bundle can be used to support assessment across different governance regulations. Discussion: In doing so, Audit-as-Code ensures AI assurance transforms from a documentation-driven policy module to a quantitative, auditable, reproducible, and operationally practical module to ensure compliance.

Indexed as

AI assuranceCI/CDcomplianceexplainabilitygovernancepolicy-as-codereproducibilitytraceability

Identifiers

PMID41837238
PMCPMC12979488

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.