Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41837200›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2026

Challenges and limitations of evaluating the efficacy of music intervention for preterm infants: auditory development, methodological heterogeneity, medical complexity, parental involvement and environmental barriers.

Vito Giordano, Ji Sun Kim, Shmuel Arnon, Angelika Berger, Christian Gold

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Vito GiordanoDivision of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics (CCP), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Ji Sun KimDivision of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics (CCP), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Shmuel ArnonLaniado Hospital Netanya, The Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
Angelika BergerDivision of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics (CCP), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Christian GoldGAMUT-The Grieg Academy Music Therapy Research Centre, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bergen, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite growing interest in music therapy (MT) as a supportive intervention in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), strong evidence for its long-term efficacy remains scarce. This perspective article explores the multifaceted challenges of implementing and evaluating MT in NICUs, particularly for preterm infants. These challenges include (1) limited understanding of premature auditory development, (2) environmental acoustics, (3) methodological inconsistencies in MT delivery, and the complex medical (4) and psychosocial (5) context of the NICU. Further compounding this issue is the underappreciation of parental involvement and the perception of MT among healthcare professionals. Addressing these gaps is essential for establishing standardized, effective MT protocols tailored to this vulnerable population.

Indexed as

acousticmusicneurodevelopmentNICU (neonatal intensive care unit)preterm

Identifiers

PMID41837200
PMCPMC12979419

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.