Maraviroc attenuates orbital remodeling, inflammation, and lipid dysregulation in a murine model of thyroid eye disease associated with Graves' disease.

Background: Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune condition that can extend beyond the thyroid, leading to thyroid eye disease (TED), a disorder marked by orbital inflammation and tissue remodeling. Methods: We explored the therapeutic potential of maraviroc, a CCR5 antagonist, in a mouse model of TED triggered by immunization with the human TSH receptor (hTSHR) A-subunit. Mice received pTriEx1.1neo-hTSHR A-subunit plasmid immunizations, and a subset were treated with maraviroc via drinking water. We assessed thyroid function, orbital tissue changes, immune cell infiltration, and lipid metabolism through serological testing, histology, immunohistochemistry, and untargeted lipidomics. Results: Maraviroc did not significantly affect anti-TSHR antibody production nor the degree of hyperthyroidism, though it modestly improved thyroid histopathology. Notably, it reduced key signs of orbital disease, including brown adipose tissue expansion, CCL5-positive immune cell infiltration, CD4 Conclusion: Maraviroc shows promise as a targeted therapy for TED in the context of GD, offering anti-inflammatory and anti-adipogenic benefits while sparing thyroid autoimmunity. These preclinical findings support further clinical investigation into its role in managing TED.