Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41837095›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of surgery case reports2026

Seeing beyond the aesthetic problem of labia minora hypertrophy: a case report.

Fernandi Moegni, Gita Nurul Hidayah, Yudhistya Ngudi Insan Ksyatria, Anggrainy Dwifitriana Kouwagam, Tha'atam Mardhiyah

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of surgery case reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Fernandi MoegniDivision of Urogynecology, Reconstruction and Aesthetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9537-4256
Gita Nurul HidayahDivision of Urogynecology, Reconstruction and Aesthetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Yudhistya Ngudi Insan KsyatriaDivision of Urogynecology, Reconstruction and Aesthetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Anggrainy Dwifitriana KouwagamDivision of Urogynecology, Reconstruction and Aesthetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Tha'atam MardhiyahDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8394-9128

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Labia minora hypertrophy describes the enlargement of labia minora extending from base to edge of 4 cm. What once was considered an aesthetic problem could now raise a concern as symptoms including pain, infection, and sexual dysfunction may appear and, in some cases, even require a surgical correction. Case Presentation: Mrs, 44 years old, complained of pain described as getting "pinched" on the outer side of vagina during sexual intercourse. The pain was also felt when the patient was wearing tight pants or riding a bicycle. The distance between the base and the edge of the right labia minora was 4 cm, while the left labia minora was 4.4 cm. The patient was diagnosed with dyspareunia et causa bilateral labia minora hypertrophy, and a wedge-shaped excision was performed with satisfactory aesthetic and functional results. Clinical Discussion: Labia minora hypertrophy is a congenital or acquired pathological condition that impairs a woman's quality of life. Patients frequently have difficulties seeking consultation since this condition is considered taboo, even though they have been experiencing discomfort since adolescence. Labiaplasty is associated with patient satisfaction, and should consider several principles: symmetry, minimally invasive procedure, and optimal blood supply to the flap. Conclusions: Labia minora hypertrophy can cause functional problems, including dyspareunia. Labial reduction is a simple surgical procedure to manage labial hypertrophy.

Indexed as

aesthetic vaginal surgerydyspareuniahypertrophy labia minorawedge-shaped excision

Identifiers

PMID41837095
PMCPMC12981792

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.