ArticlePakistan journal of medical sciences2026
Comparative Evaluation of Modern Disinfection Methods on Smear Layer Removal and Bond Strength to Caries-Affected Dentin: A KTP Laser, Nanocare Gold, Photodynamic Therapy Study.
Article in Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Diode laser-activated sodium fluoride and galla chinensis extract as dentin biomodifiers: Effect on microhardness, resin tag length, and shear bond strength of universal adhesive to caries-affected dentin.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Sepiolite and Zirconia Nanoparticles Doped with Erythrosine: Adhesive Bond Strength and Antimicrobial Performance in Primary Carious Dentin.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Potency and Bond Strength of Glass Ionomer Cement Following Cavity Disinfection with Er, Cr: YSGG Laser, and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Deciduous Molars.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Er: YAG laser and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-modified adhesive: A comparative study on antimicrobial efficacy and bond strength in caries-affected dentin.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Nd: YVOPakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Performance of Bioactive, Fluoride-Releasing, and Conventional Pit and Fissure Sealants: Effect of Enamel Conditioning via phosphoric acid and Er, Cr: YSGG laser in Primary Teeth.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To assess the efficacy of four contemporary cavity disinfection protocols-potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser, nanosilver-gold nanoparticle solution (Nanocare Gold), methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy (MB-PDT), and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX)-on smear layer (SL) removal and shear bond strength (SBS) of fifth-generation adhesive bonded to caries-affected dentin (CAD). Methodology: This in vitro experimental study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of King Saud University from July 1st, 2025, to 30th December 2025. Sixty extracted human mandibular molars with carious lesions extending into the middle third of dentin were collected. Following caries removal and surface standardization, specimens were randomly allocated into five groups: Group-I (control, no disinfection), Group-II (2% CHX gel), Group-III (KTP laser, 532 nm, 1 W), Group-IV (MB-PDT with diode laser activation at 638 nm), and Group-V (Nanocare Gold). SL removal was assessed using scanning electron microscopy according to Hülsmann's criteria. Following fifth-generation adhesive application and composite restoration, specimens underwent thermocycling. SBS was measured using a universal testing machine, and failure modes were analyzed stereo-microscopically. Statistical analysis employed one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test (α=0.05). Results: KTP laser demonstrated superior SL removal (1.26±0.032) and the highest bond strength (9.10±1.02 MPa), statistically comparable to Nanocare Gold (1.34±0.044; 8.94±0.97 MPa, p>0.05). MB-PDT showed minimal SL elimination (3.54±0.065) and the lowest bond strength (6.89±0.78 MPa), similar to CHX (p>0.05). Conclusion: KTP laser and Nanocare Gold demonstrated optimal performance for cavity disinfection, effectively removing the smear layer while enhancing adhesive bond strength to CAD.
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