ArticleJournal of orthopaedic translation2026
Mechanotransduction-driven macrophage polarization via Integrin-SRC-STAT6 pathway in distraction osteogenesis.
Article in Journal of orthopaedic translation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Artificial intelligence in orthopedic regenerative medicine: from design to clinical translational pathways.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Neuroimmune regulation of post-traumatic bone regeneration: focus on inflammatory switching and functional recovery.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Advancing the continuum of orthopaedic translation: Mechanistic insight, regenerative innovation, and converging technologies.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Mechanical stimuli are indispensable for bone regeneration. Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a widely used clinical technique for limb lengthening and bone defect repair; however, its specific mechanobiological mechanisms remain unclear. Macrophages play crucial regulatory roles throughout bone fracture healing. Recent studies indicate that macrophages are mechanosensitive and can modulate the local immune microenvironment in response to mechanical cues. This study aims to investigate how macrophages respond to mechanical stimulation and regulate bone regeneration during DO. Methods: Animal models of DO (with external fixation) and fracture healing (with internal fixation) were established to compare bone regeneration under different mechanical conditions. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to quantify M1 and M2 macrophage infiltration. An Results: DO significantly enhanced M2 macrophage polarization at 1st, 2nd, and 4th week post-surgery compared to controls. Cyclic stretch promoted M2 polarization Conclusion: Mechanical stimulation during DO promotes M2 macrophage polarization via the Integrin-SRC-STAT6 pathway. TGF-β appears to be a key cytokine secreted by mechanically induced M2 macrophages that facilitates osteogenesis. These findings reveal a novel mechano-immune regulatory axis that supports bone regeneration in DO. The translational potential of this article: This research confirms the core concept of "mechano-immunoregulation" and identifies actionable therapeutic targets, enabling the development of targeted therapies for refractory bone defects by modulating the integrin-β1/SRC/STAT6 pathway and TGF-β1 to enhance bone regeneration.
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