SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2026
Clinical efficacy of immunotherapy in combination of locoregional therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Real-World Study of Post-Recurrence Treatment Strategies for Microvascular Invasion-Positive Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Curative Resection.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026Article
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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The majority of patients with HCC are diagnosed at an advanced stage, resulting in limited treatment options. In recent years, numerous clinical trials have confirmed that immunotherapy, particularly anti-programmed cell death 1 (anti-PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), has emerged as a promising treatment for advanced HCC. However, in real-world practice, the clinical efficacy of adding immunotherapy to locoregional therapies remains unknown, representing a knowledge gap. Aims: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy combined with locoregional therapies, including transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC), and HAIC/TACE combined with targeted agents, versus locoregional therapies alone in patients with advanced HCC. Methods: Eligible studies were identified by searching Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The clinical outcomes were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), objective response rate (ORR), and adverse events (AEs). Pooled hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratios (ORs), and meta-regression were used to estimate clinical outcomes. Quality assessments were performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Form. The funnel plot was used for detecting publication bias. Results: Nineteen cohort studies with 3,720 patients with advanced HCC were included. The immunotherapy-added group was superior in prolonging OS [HR = 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.29, 0.46) and Conclusions: This meta-analysis compared the clinical outcomes of locoregional therapies versus immunotherapy plus locoregional therapies. This study found that adding immunotherapy was associated with improved OS, PFS, DCR, and ORR in patients with advanced HCC compared with those treated with locoregional regimens alone. Meanwhile, the addition of immunotherapy may be associated with an increased risk of grade ≥3 AEs and specific immune-related AEs in patients with advanced HCC. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/recorddashboard, identifier CRD420251039316.
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