ArticleOrthopedic reviews2026
Influence of Synovial Fluid Biochemical Markers on Clinical Outcomes Following Arthroscopic and Non-Arthroscopic Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis.
Article in Orthopedic reviews, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disorder that causes pain, stiffness, and functional impairment. Conventional treatments relieve symptoms but do not restore cartilage, limiting long-term efficacy. Cell-based therapies, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived secretome, have emerged as promising strategies for cartilage regeneration. Object: This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effects of UC-MSCs and UC-MSC-derived secretome in OA patients through both clinical outcomes and synovial fluid (SF) analyses. Methods: Eligible participants were divided into two groups; group who underwent arthroscopy and group who did not. All the participants received an intra-articular injection consisting of an initial 2 mL dose of UC-MSC secretome, followed by 10 million UC-MSCs, and two additional 2 mL doses of secretome administered biweekly. Synovial fluid samples were collected at baseline and 12 weeks post-treatment, centrifuged to obtain the supernatant, and analyzed for inflammatory cytokines and matrix-degrading markers using multiplex and ELISA assays. Clinical evaluations were conducted at 6- and 12-months post-treatment. Result: The results showed that UC-MSC therapy significantly improved functional outcomes in patients with knee osteoarthritis, as indicated by WOMAC scores up to six months. In vitro studies showed similar results, where co-culture of osteoarthritic synovial fluid-derived MSCs with UC-MSCs or UC-MSC secretome enhanced proliferation and differentiation while rapidly reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IL-18) and MMPs (MMP1, MMP7, MMP13). Conclusion: Our findings support a two-stage therapeutic strategy in which UC-MSC secretome first alleviates inflammation, followed by UC-MSCs to promote cartilage regeneration. Post-injection rehabilitation or repeated MSC dosing may further enhance treatment efficacy, highlighting the potential of MSC-based therapies for knee OA management.
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