SynthesisPeerJ2026
Optical changes and axial elongation in children wearing orthokeratology lenses of smaller back optic zone diameter: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PeerJ, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Efficacy of different optical zone design with different myopia control for corneal refractive therapy (CRT): a one-year prospective cohort study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- A personalized simulation framework for optimizing orthokeratology lens parameters based on 3D corneal modeling and biomechanical analysis.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of orthokeratology lenses (Ortho-K) with smaller back optic zone diameters (BOZD) on axial elongation and ocular higher-order aberrations in children and adolescents. Methods: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched for relevant studies. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. RevMan 5.4 was applied for meta-analysis, and STATA 17.0 was employed for meta-regression, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias assessment. This study was registered at PROSPERO (registration number CRD42024538742). Results: Seventeen studies were included, comprising nine RCTs and eight cohort studies, with 1,548 participants in the smaller BOZD group and 1,570 in the conventional BOZD group. Meta-analysis shows that the smaller BOZD group has a lower axial elongation than the conventional BOZD group at 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months following Ortho-K treatment, with reductions of -0.07 mm (95% CI [-0.09, -0.04] Conclusions: Our meta-analysis revealed that Ortho-K lenses with smaller BOZD exhibited less axial elongation in children compared with conventional Ortho-K lenses. This effect may be related to the reduction of TZD and the increase of higher-order aberrations (HOAs) caused by the smaller BOZD design.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.