Life Cells for future energy systems: adaptation, evolution and exploration.

Jingning Lai, Fengling Zhang, Li Li, Feng Wu, Renjie Chen

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in National science review, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jingning LaiBeijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.

Fengling ZhangBeijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.

Li LiBeijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.

Feng WuBeijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.

Renjie ChenBeijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7001-2926

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Current battery technologies are essential for energy systems but are hindered by limitations such as low energy density, limited functionality, environmental hazards, and safety concerns, restricting their ability to meet growing global energy demands. In contrast, biological systems have evolved highly efficient, adaptive, and sustainable energy management strategies over billions of years. This review introduces 'Life Cells' (LCs), bio-inspired batteries designed to replicate these biological principles, enabling autonomous energy acquisition, conversion, storage, and utilization. We examine their core mechanisms, biomimetic materials, and system architectures. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges, strategies, and future opportunities for advancing LC technology and its potential applications in next-generation sustainable energy solutions.

Indexed as

biological systemsenergy acquisitionenergy conversionenergy storageLife Cells

Identifiers

PMID41836071

DOI10.1093/nsr/nwag065

PMCPMC12988486

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.