Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41836055›Full record

ArticleNature synthesis2026

Mechanically interlocked monolayer and bilayer two-dimensional polymers with high elastic modulus.

Ye Yang, André Knapp, David Bodesheim, Alexander Croy, Mike Hambsch, Ilka Hermes, Chandrasekhar Naisa, Darius Pohl, Bernd Rellinghaus, Changsheng Zhao and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature synthesis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Ye Yang *Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
André Knapp *Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3540-5860
David Bodesheim *Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-5873-8751
Alexander CroyInstitute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
Mike HambschCenter for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8487-0972
Ilka HermesInstitute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Chandrasekhar NaisaCenter for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
Darius PohlDresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN), Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4859-4325
Bernd RellinghausDresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN), Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1367-8545
Changsheng ZhaoCollege of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.ORCID 0000-0002-4619-3499
Stefan C B MannsfeldCenter for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0268-519X
Gianaurelio CunibertiInstitute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6574-7848
Zhiyong WangCenter for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0909-9495
Renhao DongDepartment of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID 0000-0002-4125-9284
Andreas FeryInstitute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6692-3762
Xinliang FengCenter for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3885-2703

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Two-dimensional polymers (2DPs), comprising mono- or multilayer covalent polymeric networks with long-range order in two orthogonal directions, are of considerable interest due to their unique physicochemical properties. However, achieving precise thickness control from monolayer to bilayer, crucial for exploring proximity effect-driven phenomena beyond the monolayer limit, remains synthetically challenging. Here we report the on-water surface synthesis of crystalline mechanically interlocked monolayer and bilayer 2DP (MI-M2DP and MI-B2DP) films by embedding macrocyclic molecules with one and two cavities into 2DP backbones. The incorporation of bulky macrocyclic molecules introduces periodic mechanical bonds that precisely control interlayer interlocking, enabling selective monolayer or bilayer 2DP formation. Both MI-M2DP and MI-B2DP exhibit homogeneous, large-area films with ordered hexagonal pores and high modulus. MI-B2DP demonstrates an exceptionally high effective Young's modulus of 151 ± 16 GPa (indentation method), surpassing MI-M2DP (90 ± 14 GPa), van der Waals-stacked MI-M2DPs (46 ± 11 GPa) and other reported multilayer 2DPs (<50 GPa). Modelling confirms that the mechanical interlocking minimizes interlayer sliding and reinforces the structure.

Indexed as

Mechanical propertiesPolymer synthesis

Identifiers

PMID41836055
PMCPMC12987722

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.